自然声景观的资源分类体系、地理空间结构及评价模型研究

The dominate researches in physical geography are relatively visual-oriented, neglecting the auditory (acoustic) features, while in the classic soundscape research people pay less attention to the systematic study of natural soundscape. This project lays special emphasis on the geographical features, public perception, evaluation and resource effect of the natural soundscape. We will research in this project on the natural soundscape resources (e.g. the sound of insects, birds and water) in the typical case geographical environment. We will study the types, classification, assemblies, the geographical-ecological genesis and the geographical spatial-temporal structure of the natural landscape. And we will develop the investigation inventory of natural soundscape, and propose the objective technical evaluation model (OTEM) by using physical geography, GIS, landscape ecology methods and the acoustic measurement data. We will also study the human geography attributes of natural soundscape such as public perception, experience assessment, sense of place and place image and develop the subjective experience evaluation model (SEEM) by using the techniques like multi-dimensional data analysis (MDA), structural equation modeling (SEM), mixed modes and etc.. Based on the OTEM, SEEM and economic value evaluation, we will develop the comprehensive evaluation system of natural soundscape resources. We will try to expand the boundaries of the physical geographical environment research to cover the acoustic features, and to provide scientific evidence to protect and utilize the natural soundscape, which will have potential applications in urban, tourism and landscape planning.

本项目针对自然地理研究以视觉为主导而对听觉（声学）特征相对忽视、声景观研究对自然声景观体系研究相对薄弱的状况，侧重自然声景观的地理特征、人文感知评价及资源效应，选择典型地理环境（黄山、九寨沟、鸣沙山等）及自然声景资源（虫鸣、鸟啼等）为案例，以声学测量为基础，综合自然地理、GIS、景观生态学等方法，重点研究自然声景观的分类体系、组合、地理-生态成因及地理时空结构，并研制其调查规范和客观技术性评价模式；运用多维度调查方法（MDA）、结构方程模型（SEM）、混合模型等多种技术，研究自然声景观的公众知觉、体验评价、地方感与地方意象等人文地理属性并研制主观体验性评价的新模式。在客观技术性评价、主观体验性评价和经济价值评估的基础上，研制自然声景观资源的综合评价体系。本研究尝试拓展自然地理环境的声音特征研究领域，为自然声景观的保护及其资源利用提供科学依据，在城市规划、旅游、园林设计等有潜在应用价值。

本项目以鼓浪屿、九寨沟、丽江、宏村、鸣沙山为案例地，围绕自然声景观的分类体系、地理-生态成因、地理时空结构、人文感知评价及资源效应等方面展开研究。首先，以声学方法为基础，综合自然地理方法探索了自然声景观的分类体系、调查规范和客观技术性评价模式；其次，运用多维度调查方法（MDA）等多种技术，研究自然声景观的公众知觉、体验评价等主观体验性评价；并运用结构方程模型等定量方法探讨旅游者对不同类型声景观的物理感知、生理感知及其人文地理属性（地方感与地方意象等）；最后基于恢复性、听觉空间、休闲限制等理论，探讨旅游目的地声景观的保护及其资源利用。2015-2019年间对鼓浪屿、九寨沟、丽江、宏村、鸣沙山等案例地进行了5次大规模的科学调研和问卷调查，项目迄今为止，发表项目相关期刊论文19篇，其中国外SSCI或SCI检索刊物论文11篇，国内一流刊物8篇，后续论文正在发表中。另国际会议交流英文论文8篇，国内会议论文8篇，培养6名博士毕业，接受国内访问学者2人，项目完成目标，并有拓展。