基于铝热反应原理的金属碘酸盐基新型杀菌抑孢复合材料的研究

Compared with the traditional thermite, thermites with bacteriocidal substance (iodine) can react to generate both heat and a biocidal reaction product, which has an important application to against the large-scale spores surviving in harsh and extreme environment. Considering that the current researches show the problems of low iodine content, poor storage stability, short effective time, and small available space, this project will be focused on the construction of new biocidal systems based on metal iodate-based thermite by tuning the reactive activity of metal iodate-based nanocrystals and the interfaces between metal iodate and aluminum nanoparticles, which is aimed at properties tuning and application of the novel biocidal systems. The electrospray method and the deposition-precipitation method will be used to control the size，structure and morphology of metal iodate-based nanocrystals. Then the structure-activity between reaction activity and structure of metal iodate-based nanocrystals will be established. The interface of metal iodate-based nanocrystals and aluminum nanoparticles will be constructed to enhance the reaction efficiency and release efficiency of gaseous iodine during the thermite reaction. The bactericidal and spores neutralized effect of metal iodate-based nanocrystals and aluminum nanoparticles systems will be studied systematically. The application of metal iodate-based nanocrystals and aluminum nanoparticles system will be explored for the response to the large-scale spores.

相比于传统铝热剂，含杀菌物质(碘)的类铝热剂体系发生铝热反应时，在释放大量能量的同时可以产生具有可长效杀菌、抑制细菌芽孢活性的物质，在大面积应对细菌及其耐恶劣环境的芽孢方面有着重要的应用。针对目前杀菌体系存在储存不稳定、产物碘含量低、杀菌持久性差及应对空间面积小等问题，本项目基于铝热反应原理，以金属碘酸盐为氧化剂，通过金属碘酸盐的活性调控和性能优化，充分利用其存储稳定、碘含量高、反应活性强等优势，与纳米铝粉界面复合制备出性质稳定、碘含量可控、杀菌效率高的金属碘酸盐/纳米铝粉复合杀菌抑孢体系。采用静电纺丝与沉积-沉淀相结合的方法合成尺寸、物相、形貌可控的金属碘酸盐纳米晶，建立其活性与尺寸、物相和形貌的构效关系；构建金属碘酸盐/纳米铝粉两相界面结合以提升燃烧效率、碘蒸汽释放效率，深入研究其杀菌抑孢效率；探索金属碘酸盐基铝热剂在大面积杀菌抑孢方面的应用前景。

与传统的铝热剂相比，含杀菌物质的类铝热剂体系发生铝热反应时，在释放大量能量的同时可以产生具有可长效杀菌、抑制细菌芽孢活性物质，在大面积应对细菌及其耐恶劣环境的芽孢方面有着重要的应用。针对目前杀菌体系存在储存不稳定、产物碘含量低、杀菌持久性差及应对空间面积小等问题，本项目以铝热反应原理为基础，以金属碘酸盐为氧化剂，纳米铝粉为还原剂，制备出了一系列具有长效杀菌的超级铝热剂。采用静电纺丝与沉积-沉淀相结合的方法合成了一系列尺寸、物相、形貌可控的金属碘酸盐纳米晶，如碘酸银(AgIO3)、碘酸铁(Fe(IO3)3)、碘酸铋(Bi(IO3)3)、碘酸镍(Ni(IO3)2)、碘酸铬(Cr(IO3)3)、碘酸锌(Zn(IO3)2)、碘酸钛(Ti(IO3)4)等，并表征了其活性与尺寸、物相和形貌的构效关系，采用TGA/DSC联用法测算了其生成焓；并构建了上述金属碘酸盐/纳米铝粉复合超级铝热剂，研究了其与对应金属氧化物基铝热剂杀菌抑孢效率间差别及活性物质浓度对杀菌抑孢效率的影响；探索了光催化加强的金属碘酸盐基铝热剂在大面积长效杀菌抑孢方面的应用前景。