职业玩家对房屋短租平台定价的影响：基于博弈模型的分析

With the development of information technology, platform-based sharing economics have developed rapidly, and a lot of applications have come into our life, e.g., ride-hailing platforms and short-term housing rental platforms. This research studies short-term housing rental platforms on which recently there are more and more professional players controlling a large amount of houses. Motivated by the emergence of such professional players, our research builds game-theoretical models, examines the pricing behavior of both individual owners and professional players, and studies the impacts of professional players on stakeholders of the platform. This research also conducts empirical research to understand the implications of the influx of professional players on short-term housing rental platforms. From the perspectives of platform providers and policymakers, our research establishes the frameworks of house owners’ and customers’ decision process, and examines the pricing schemes on the sharing platform. In addition to the impact of commercialized pricing on direct stakeholders of the platform (including the platform provider, owners and customers), we also explore its impact on indirect stakeholders, including the long-term rental market, hotel industry and social welfare. This research also studies the optimization of the commission fees charged by the platform to house owners, and proposes several implementable strategies for policymakers. Our research not only provides theoretical support to the understanding of pricing schemes on short-term rental platforms and their evolvement, but also offers operations strategies and managerial insights to the platform providers and policymakers.

随着新兴信息技术的应用，以平台经济为特征的共享经济得到快速发展，一大批生活服务类平台应运而生，如房屋短租平台和打车平台等。本项目以在线房屋短租平台为研究对象，以职业玩家（拥有大量房源的房东）的出现为背景，围绕房屋短租平台定价模式及共享经济中面临的共性问题，采用以博弈模型为核心、理论解析分析为主的研究方法，研究考虑职业玩家的情况下房屋短租平台的定价机理及其影响。从房屋短租平台和政府管理者的视角，分别建立租客和房东的决策分析框架，揭示普通房东与职业玩家的定价机理,分析职业玩家出现所带来的定价模式转变对房东、租客和平台三方的影响；探究短租平台不同定价模式对房屋租赁市场和酒店行业乃至社会整体效益的影响；构建短租平台佣金比例优化方法，并为政府管理者针对短租平台职业玩家提出应对措施和政策建议。研究成果不仅在理论上分析了职业玩家对各方的影响，还为房屋短租平台的运作管理和政府监管提供理论依据。

随着新兴信息技术的应用，以平台经济为特征的共享经济得到快速发展，一大批生活服务类平台应运而生，如房屋短租平台和打车平台等。本项目以在线房屋短租平台为研究对象，以职业玩家（拥有大量房源的房东）的出现为背景，围绕房屋短租平台定价模式及共享经济中面临的共性问题，采用以博弈模型为核心、理论解析分析为主的研究方法，研究考虑职业玩家的情况下房屋短租平台的定价机理及其影响。从房屋短租平台和政府管理者的视角，分别建立租客和房东的决策分析框架，揭示普通房东与职业玩家的定价机理,分析职业玩家出现所带来的定价模式转变对房东、租客和平台三方的影响；探究短租平台不同定价模式对房屋租赁市场和酒店行业乃至社会整体效益的影响；构建短租平台佣金比例优化方法。..研究发现，职业玩家的出现会降低房源出租成功率，即房源空置率上升，造成社会资源浪费，同时短租房市场的房源价格也会上涨，租客的消费者剩余减少。尽管房源的单位期望回报提升，会吸引更多房东选择加入房屋短租平台，有更多本该流入长租或者出售市场的房源因此流入了短租市场，长此以往会造成长租房市场和房屋出售价格上涨，对于政府控制房价过快上涨产生不利影响。这些理论结果为政府管理者针对短租平台职业玩家提出应对措施和政策建议，政府管理者应该对职业玩家的出现保持警惕态度，过多的职业玩家会造成房价波动，影响房屋租赁和销售市场的稳定性。研究成果不仅在理论上分析了职业玩家对各方的影响，还为房屋短租平台的运作管理和政府监管提供理论依据。