旅游扶贫社区居民生活满意度演变过程与驱动机理研究

Residents’ life satisfaction is one of the focuses of discussion on well-being in economics, sociology, and psychology, and in recent years, research into life satisfaction has been rapidly increasing around the world. However, the research has mainly focused on cross-sectional, synchronic, static, and quantitative studies based on social exchange theory; the dynamics and driving mechanism behind life satisfaction require further study. The applicant's preliminary study found that the theory of social representation, which is the second most used theory in the study of life satisfaction, is more in line with the latest trends in economics and the concept of poverty than the theory of social exchange. Social representation theory is based on the new classical economics, focusing on happiness-based experienced utility rather than on scarcity-based decision utility. The core view of multidimensional poverty is that human poverty involves not only income poverty but also other objective indicators, such as education, health, and subjective well-being. This project chooses the Tibetan villages of Jiuzhaigou County (Strong Belief Community) in Sichuan Province and the Russian villages (Weak Belief Community) of Ergun City in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region to represent different stages in the life cycle of a tourism destination. The project intends to optimize the application of social representation theory by incorporating beliefs and values directly into the conceptual model, combining quantitative and qualitative research methods that verify each other through multiple longitudinal research methods and complement traditional data and big data. On the basis of these methods, a model is constructed to study in depth the evolution and driving mechanism of residents’ life satisfaction in the process of tourism-assisted poverty alleviation, with a focus on the "trigger points" of the decline in residents' life satisfaction. The project attempts to construct a research frame for residents’ life satisfaction from the perspective of geography in order to enhance the contribution of geography to the study of well-being. The project will also explore the possibility of using big data indicators and methods to monitor and alert to "trigger points." This project is not only a theoretical innovation and methodological exploration of life satisfaction among residents in tourism-based poverty-alleviation communities but also echoes major national concerns and provides theoretical support to achieve the goal of tourism-assisted poverty alleviation by 2020 and to satisfy people's demands for a better life thereafter.

居民生活满意度是经济学、社会学与心理学关于幸福感探讨的关注焦点，近年中外研究快速增长，但以基于社会交换理论的横剖、共时、静态、定量研究为主，动态过程与机理研究待深入。前期跨学科梳理发现，次多使用的社会表征理论与经济学和贫困概念发展趋势更契合。本项目以九寨沟县、额尔古纳市处于旅游地生命周期不同阶段的藏族村寨、俄罗斯族村屯为例，拟将信仰、价值观直接纳入概念模型，通过定量定性方法结合、多种纵贯方法互证、大小数据互补的方式，优化社会表征理论应用。构建模型，深入探究旅游扶贫进程中居民满意度动态演变过程与驱动机理，重点关注其开始下降的“触发点”。尝试构建地理学居民生活满意度研究框架，增加幸福感研究的地理学贡献；尝试以大数据方式探寻指标与方法，监测并预警“触发点”。本项目既是对旅游扶贫社区居民生活满意度研究的理论创新与方法探索，又是呼应国家重大关切，为旅游扶贫目标实现及居民美好生活需求满足提供理论支撑。

居民生活满意度是经济学、社会学与心理学关于幸福感探讨的关注焦点。但以往研究以基于社会交换理论的横剖、共时、静态、定量研究为主，与经济学和贫困概念发展趋势更契合的社会表征理论少有被关注，居民生活满意度变迁的动态过程与机理研究待深入。本项目以九寨沟县、额尔古纳市处于旅游地生命周期不同阶段的藏族村寨、俄罗斯族村屯为例，将价值观、感知价值直接纳入概念模型，通过定量定性方法结合、多种纵贯方法互证、大小数据互补的方式，优化社会表征理论在居民生活满意度研究中的应用。本项目得到以下重要研究结论：①基于“占有与存在”这一社会表征基耦揭示出旅游社区居民生存模式的变迁路径与驱动机理，发现管理价值获取是居民生活质量提高的核心驱动力之一；②考察价值观、旅游感知价值对居民主观幸福感影响的组态路径，探究了从发展期到巩固期旅游社区居民价值观的变化趋势及“幸福拐点”形成机理；③沿“质性探索-数据验证-理论提升-模式总结”研究思路，探寻了旅游社区提高居民生活满意度的具体路径与方法，如针对中国情境提出长老式文化中间人具有核心作用，以“共振-共创-共生”价值协同论为基础构建了乡村主客价值协同机制模型，阐明乡村旅游价值共创以居民为主导的同时，要注重发挥商客等多元主体作用；④通过中国减贫案例分析优化了欧洲“一体化乡村旅游”IRT框架，重构出更能与中国情境对接的SQEI框架（速度、质量、外源性、内源性），构建了旅游发展模式体系并揭示出其区域差异及演化路径；⑤基于多源数据探究了危机情境下旅游社区中主客互动满意度、主客情感团结水平的变化规律，推进了大小数据结合的方法探索。本项目既是对旅游社区居民生活满意度研究的理论创新与方法探索；又是呼应国家重大关切，为旅游扶贫、乡村振兴目标实现及居民美好生活需求满足提供理论支撑。项目成果有助于更好把握乡村旅游发展规律、关键时期和重要节点，进而科学、精准地开发政策工具，促进可持续发展。