典型DOM工业废水的电吸附除盐机制及调控研究

Under the situation of increasing fresh water tensions in our country, the study on selective desalination effectively based on capacitive deionization conforms to the requirements of the long-term plan of water resources, in order to reutilize the industrial waste water by green and scientific methods. After detecting and confirming pollutant characteristics in water, this program would surrounds the actual demands of industrial water recycling and carry out the research on selective desalination using novel electrosorption materials at the existence of organic contaminants, according to the real state of secondary biological effluents from industrial wastewater. The adsorption mechanism of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in water and inorganic ions on the electrode would be illustrated, especially in the combined pollution water, influence progress and competing mechanism of DOM on the adsorbing capacity of electrode would be established. The relationship between the structure and selective removing properties of electrode materials would be studied. The structure-activity relationship between the nanostructures, active sites and absorption effectiveness of electrode materials would be revealed. The fabrication methods of multidimensional materials with high specific surface area and high conductivity could be gained. And higher selective adsorption electrode with anti-pollution properties would be prepared. The coupling of resin adsorption and capacitive deionization would be optimized and established, in order to avoid the pollution of DOM on electrode and realize the effective adjust and control of purification of industrial waste water. This program would provide the important theoretical and technical support for the enhancement of anti-pollution and lifetime of electrode during the purification of industrial waster water.

在我国淡水资源日益紧张的形势下，以科学绿色回用工业废水为目标，开展电吸附技术为核心的高效选择性脱盐研究符合国家水资源长久规划。本项目将根据工业废水二级生化出水实际状况，研究分析二级生化出水中污染物特征，围绕我国工业废水循环利用要求，开展有机污染物竞争下，新型电吸附材料选择性脱盐的研究。阐明水中溶解性有机物与无机离子在电极上的吸附作用机制；尤其在复合污染水系中，溶解性有机物对电极吸附性能的影响及其竞争吸附机制；电极材料结构与选择性去除效果的关系。揭示电极吸附材料微纳结构、活性位点官能团与吸附效能的构效关系，获得高比表面及高电导率的功能化多维吸附材料的构建技术。进一步研制具有抗污染特性的高选择性吸附电极；为控制有机物对电吸附电极的污染，优化并建立树脂吸附与电吸附耦合脱盐工艺，实现工业废水脱盐方法有效调控。该项目为提高工业废水净化用电极的抗污染能力和使用寿命提供重要的理论及技术支撑。

水资源短缺是21世纪人类生存发展面临的一个重大挑战之一。在有限的水资源情况下，亟待解决水资源短缺问题。工业废水中过量的盐会对环境造成重大危害，影响废水回用。电吸附技术源于绿色、方便及简单的特点已被认为是未来最具有潜能的脱盐方法。三年来，根据工业废水和城市污水中二级生化出水的实际状况，通过荧光分光光度法、紫外分光光度法和气相色谱等方法对水体中的污染物成分进行详细分析后，构建了一系列新型活性炭基纳米复合电吸附电极，并对废水脱盐开展了一系列电吸附研究。其中，超声组装的活性炭/间苯二胺或对苯二胺内连接石墨烯网络架构呈现出了卓越的电容去离子行为。在所有样品中，只需添加5wt%纳米材料的活性炭基复合电极就可显示出超高电吸附容量，可达到12.58 mg/g，即0.22 mmol/g，这是活性炭电极的2.37倍。详细研究了电化学吸附器件的工艺参数，一般施加电位1.8 V，板间距2 mm，流量15 mL/min即可达到最优吸附容量。实际应用中，一些溶解性有机物质，如腐殖酸等，会降低其脱盐和再生性能。针对电吸附电极脱盐后其电极容易污染的问题，我们利用，三维荧光和凝胶渗透色谱等，对电极污染的产生机理进行了分析，提出了一种电极碱清洗方法，通过一定浓度的碱液可以对吸附在电极上的腐殖酸和类蛋白物质进行完美清洗。另外，开发了磁性树脂/电吸附耦合技术，显著提高了电吸附的脱盐效率和抗污染能力。本研究为工业废水和城市二级生化出水脱盐提供了有效的理论依据和技术支持。本项目共计发表SCI论文14篇（其中10篇IF＞4.0），申请中国发明专利8项，3项已授权。