累积逆流吸附/多次结晶载带-膜分离-连续电除盐组合工艺处理放射性废水的关键基础问题研究

It is widely concerned by the public that potential threats to water environment caused by radionuclides, as a consequence it is urgent and very necessary to develop new technologies for radioactive wastewater treatment. In this project, a hybrid process of cumulative countercurrent adsorption / multiple carrier crystallization - membrane separation - continuous electrodeionization is studied to answer the basic problems for future engineering application. The study focuses on three parts: to removal mechanisms of different radionuclides by every treatment unit and its long-term stable operation; to increase the decontamination factor and concentration factor significantly; and to reduce the volume of radioactive wastes. The overall objective is to make the residual total β radioactivity blow 1 Bq/L in he final effluent, and the decontamination factor and concentration factor for severed typical radionuclides in the pretreatment is no less than 1000. Modularization design for the hybrid process could meet the target as follows. Every process unit could be used separately or combined with other process, such as evaporation, or several units are selected for free combination for wastewater treatment in the engineering application according to the radionuclides' source, category and concentration. Under the condition of compliance discharge, radioactive concentrate would be treated for stabilization and residual radioactive wastes could be reduced significantly, thus a complete technical system can be set up.

放射性核素对水体的潜在污染问题开始引起人们的广泛关注，开发新的放射性废水处理工艺，保证水体的环境安全已势在必行。本项目以放射性废水为研究对象，以未来工程应用为导向，提出累积逆流吸附/多次结晶载带-膜分离-连续电除盐的组合工艺路线，研究组合工艺各单元对不同类型核素的去除机理及长期稳定运行机制，显著提高预处理单元的去污因数和浓缩倍数，减少组合工艺中放射性废物的产生量，实现放射性废水的无害化排放。总体目标是预处理工艺对废水中典型放射性核素的去污因数和浓缩倍数达到1000，组合工艺处理后出水的总β放射性＜1.0 Bq/L。组合工艺采取模块化设计，各模块既可单独使用，也可以与其它工艺（如蒸发等）联合使用，工程中可根据不同来源和不同核素浓度的放射性废水进行灵活组合，在满足排放标准的前提下，对放射性浓缩液进行稳定化处理研究，最大限度降低放射性废物产生量，从而使本项目形成完整的研究技术体系。

放射性核素对水体的潜在污染问题开始引起人们的广泛关注，开发新的放射性废水处理工艺，保证水体的环境安全已势在必行。本项目以放射性废水为研究对象，以未来工程应用为导向，提出累积逆流吸附/多次结晶载带-膜分离-连续电除盐的组合工艺路线，研究组合工艺各单元对不同类型核素的去除机理及长期稳定运行机制，显著提高预处理单元的去污因数和浓缩倍数，减少组合工艺中放射性废物的产生量，实现放射性废水的无害化排放。总体目标是预处理工艺对废水中典型放射性核素的去污因数和浓缩倍数达到1000，组合工艺处理后出水的总β放射性＜1.0 Bq/L。组合工艺采取模块化设计，各模块既可单独使用，也可以与其它工艺（如蒸发等）联合使用，工程中可根据不同来源和不同核素浓度的放射性废水进行灵活组合，在满足排放标准的前提下，对放射性浓缩液进行稳定化处理研究，最大限度降低放射性废物产生量，从而使本项目形成完整的研究技术体系。