云南稻米近等基因系抗性淀粉关联成分相互作用及其分子机制

Starch is the key of human health. Although the resistant starch was widely used in functional food development for control of postprandial blood glucose and improve intestinal health effect, but it did not pay attention to molecular mechanisms and interaction as well as contribution to human health for rice resistant starch associated with constituents. We will determine that resistant starch content and its associated with components (amylose, amylopectin, total flavones, alkaloids, protein and GABA) in rice micro-core collection and their nearly isogenic lines for stable and reliable detection methods, based on rice landraces and ecological advantages in Yunnan. It reveals that the genetic variation and interaction as well as molecular mechanism of the detection of resistant starch with retrogradation associated functional constituents especially amylose using SNPs and SSR marker closely related with GBSSI and GPT1 as well as SSIIIa genes. It will reveals that the QTLs related sites of resistant starch associated with constituents in rice,based on genome-wide association analysis between micro-core collection in Yunnan rice landraces and its near isogenic lines. It not only reveals that molecular mechanism of rice resistant starch and its associated components and in favor of gene cloning and molecular breeding as well as its industrialization, but also has great significance and higher practical value for resistant starch and the daily of rice consumption with high resistant starch for prevention of chronic disease to solve the problem of Chinese diabetes outbreaks.

淀粉是人类健康的关键。尽管抗性淀粉因控制餐后血糖和改善肠道健康作用被广泛用于功能食品研发，但稻米抗性淀粉关联成分相互作用及其分子机制和对人类健康贡献未引起重视。充分发挥云南地方稻种及其生态优势，用已建立稳定可靠的技术检测云南稻米微核心种质和近等基因系的抗性淀粉含量及其成分(直链淀粉、支链淀粉、黄酮、生物碱、蛋白质、GABA)的相关性，并用GBSSI、GPT1和SSIIIa基因密切相关SNPs和SSR标记揭示抗性淀粉及其关联成分的遗传变异和相互作用及其分子机制；基于SSR标记的全基因组关联分析揭示云南稻米微核心种质及其近等基因系的抗性淀粉及其关联成分QTLs位点。不仅揭示稻米抗性淀粉及其关联成分互作的分子机制和有利于抗性淀粉基因克隆与分子育种结合及其产业化，而且对日常食用高抗性淀粉米预防慢性病解决中国糖尿病爆发难题具有重大意义和较高实用价值。

以192份云南稻微核心种质及其抗性淀粉NILs的GBSSI、GPT1和SSIIIa基因检测揭示了稻米抗性淀粉关联成分相互作用及其分子机制，为解决稻米功能成分基因定位克隆和利用核心种质进行功能米遗传改良提供样板，对高抗性淀粉米主食解决中国糖尿病爆发难题具有重大意义和较高实用价值。.A. 192份云南稻种及其NILs精米7种成分15对性状间4对相关极显著或显著,糙米5种功能成分10对性状间6对相关显著或极显著；309个SSR标记中精米3种淀粉和胶稠度关联标记13个，亲本糙米4种功能成分关联标记13个，NILs糙米4种功能成分41个关联标记中RM6207、RM3919和RM8266与糙米抗性淀粉、GABA、黄酮和生物碱关联，RM547与糙米抗性淀粉、GABA、黄酮关联，RM257和RM5927与糙米抗性淀粉、总黄酮关联。.B. GPT1基因中114个基因多态性位点将云南稻种分2大亚群12种单倍型，其中与抗性淀粉含量显著关联10个变异位点(贡献率最高21.26%);而与精米3种淀粉及胶稠度关联6个变异位点。GBSSI基因55个基因多态性位点将云南稻种划分为2大亚群30种单倍型，其中与抗性淀粉含量关联的变异位点4个;而与精米2种淀粉关联14个变异位点。SSIIIa基因283个基因多态性位点将云南稻种分为20种基因单倍型，其中与抗性淀粉含量关联15个变异位点；而与精米3种淀粉及胶稠度关联7个位点。.C.亲本及NILs糙米抗性淀粉关联位点验证中，亲本12个关联位点(GPT1基因4个、GBSSI基因2个和SSIIIa基因6个)；NILs中GPT1基因4097位点高抗性淀粉为插入变异“A”，中低抗性淀粉为正常“缺失”基因型。基于SBE3及SSIIIa已开发CPAS标记验证结果，推测4个高抗性淀粉NILs可能为新变异位点导致。在全球31个国家631份稻种重测序基础上发掘糙米黄酮、抗性淀粉、生物碱和γ-氨基丁酸含量对应的QTLs位点分别为59、55、53和43个，获得4个对应候选基因。.D. 培育出稳定的稻米关联高抗性淀粉及其功能成分NILs共12个，兼有2 种以上高功能成分NILs为3份；申报植物新品种权4个。发表论文6篇，其中SCI收录4篇(IF=15.344)；培养科技部杰青2名及硕士1名；获省科技进步二等奖1项。另外，在Science和BMJ发表2篇eLetters。