生物麦饭石颗粒协同PRB系统原位修复酸性矿井水机理研究

Aimed at the problems of serious pollution and difficult processing of acid mine drainage (AMD), based on SRB immobilized technology and PRB in-situ remediation, the biological medical stone particles are established with the corncob, iron fillings and the medical stone, and the study is put forward on in-situ remediation mechanism of AMD with PRB system in collaboration with biological medical stone particles as the matrix fillers. By analyzing the physicochemical, biological and biochemical properties of the biological medical stone particles, the method of preparation of them is explored, and the biochemical reaction processes are discussed including the slow-release of the carbon source, absorption of heavy metal ions, regulation of pH and dissimilatory sulfate reduction. The study shows the biochemical collaborative mechanism of SRB sludge, corncob, iron fillings and medical stone. Finally, based on the study of the efficiency and anti-pollution load variation of AMD remediation by biological medical stone particles collaborated with PRB system, considering the theory of seepage and solute transport function, the coupling effect dynamic model is established with them, and the effective numerical solution is proved which reveals the strengthening collaborated remediation mechanism of biology and non-biology. The research findings will realize disposal waste with waste, and provide the theoretical basis and scientific guidance for PRB in-situ remediation system and prevention of water pollution in mining area efficiently, economically, environmentally and solidly.

针对酸性矿井水污染严重、处理难等问题，基于SRB固定化与PRB原位修复技术，采用添加玉米芯、铁屑、麦饭石等材料构建生物麦饭石颗粒，并开展以生物麦饭石颗粒为填料协同PRB系统原位修复AMD机理的研究。通过分析颗粒理化和生化反应特性，探索生物麦饭石颗粒制备技术方法。利用体系中污染物、水化学、微生物种群、同位素等指标变化规律，阐明颗粒碳源缓释、重金属离子吸附、pH调控、硫酸盐异化还原机制，揭示SRB污泥、玉米芯、铁屑和麦饭石的生化反应协同作用机理。通过研究PRB系统原位修复AMD效能和抗污染负荷能力的生化反应过程及各指标时空变化规律，考虑渗流、溶质运移作用原理，建立PRB系统原位修复过程的耦合效应动力学模型，模拟分析修复过程，揭示生物与非生物强化协同机理，完善PRB修复理论。项目研究成果可实现以废治废，为构建高效、经济、环保、稳定的PRB原位修复系统及防治矿区水污染提供理论依据和科学指导。

针对硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）修复酸性矿山废水（AMD）时，低pH和重金属离子对SRB活性的抑制作用和微生物可利用碳源的经济性问题，本项目研制了生物麦饭石、煤基、铁基颗粒，优化确定了生物颗粒制备技术方法，揭示了生物颗粒去除酸性矿井水中污染物质的机理，通过仪器分析和微生物检测技术，精细刻画了颗粒生物与非生物协同去污过程，完善了生物与非生物协同修复理论。本研究选用农业废弃物、麦饭石、煤基、铁基为基质填料，利用混合SRB污泥中水解微生物的作用实现生物质碳源缓释，较好的解决SRB固定化碳源和微量元素投加的问题，达到了以废治废的目的。同时，以固定化颗粒为填料，利用固定化颗粒碳源自持力较长的特点，构建了AMD原位处理的新型PRB系统。模拟试验表明该系统在出水感官性、碳源缓释稳定性、重金属离子去除方面存在明显优势，可以实现碳源缓释与污染物去除同步进行，具有较强的抗冲击负荷能力。