天基空间目标光子探测器及其辐射环境适应性研究

Compared with ground-based observations，space-based observations can avoid the influence of earth's atmosphere disturbance. All-weather larger scale observing the shape, structure, movement posture of space target makes it one of the important ways in astronomical observation. Image acquisition system is one of the important means of space target observation. Photon detector is the core device of the system. But in space environment, high-energy particles, auroral radiation and solar flares, which are produced by cosmic rays, may produce certain orbiting injury or performance degradation, or even system crash to the system. Statistics show that the fault caused by high-energy radiation has become the main reason of electrical system failure. In order to improve the life span and efficiency of the observation device, radiation-resistant system has become the focus of our research. Now we have the capacity of developing the astronomical photon detector. Meanwhile, ground tests for radiation effects gradually mature. This project intended to research large-target face photon detector and evaluate different orbital radiation effects on the system. This research will provide reference for the radiation tolerance system study and provide technology reserve for the application in space solar telescope, remote sensing imaging, star sensor, etc.

天基观测相比于地基观测，能够避开地球大气扰动的影响，全天候更大尺度地观测空间目标的形态、结构、运动姿态等，成为天文观测的重要途径之一。光学成像是天基观测的重要手段，而光子探测器则是其核心器件。但是，空间环境中的高能辐射会对光学图像采集器件产生在轨损伤和性能退化，甚至系统崩溃。统计数据显示，由宇宙射线等引起的故障已成为电器件失效的主要原因。为了提高观测器件的寿命及观测效率，光子探测器的耐辐射性成为我们研究的重点。目前，我们已经具备了研制地基科学级光子探测器的能力；同时，国内外在辐射效应地面试验方面的研究也逐渐成熟。在此基础之上，本项目提出天基空间目标光子探测器的研制，并对不同轨道高度下系统的辐射效应进行测评。研究结果将为该领域的系统研究提供设计架构，为单个元件的耐辐射研究提供系统应用对照参考，为我国空间天文观测（太阳空间探测望远镜、遥感成像、星敏感器等）的应用提供技术储备。