基于天基雷达的空间多目标跟踪调度策略优化

Improving space situational awareness ability contributes to the safety of space activities. Space objects detection using spaceborne radar makes up the deficiency of ground-based radar detection, and its efficiency can be improved by optimizing multi-object tracking strategy. This project makes deep research on the key issues including spaceborne radar system general scheme design, space objects track history prediction, and space objects trace scheduling strategy optimization. To get the advantages of advanced technology and realizability, a general scheme of spaceborne radar system is proposed which involves the design on radar parameters, satellite orbital parameters, and constellation. Owing to adapting to the complex dynamic conditions and compatibility with the requirements of orbit determination and imaging, an approach of space object track history prediction based on SGP4 orbit prediction model is presented. An optimization method of space multi-object trace scheduling strategy is proposed so that the observation for multiple objects could be converted to long-time observation for one equivalent object, which is based on semi-random search cascaded with genetic algorithm, and is suitable for both mechanical scanning radar and phased array radar. The purpose of this research work is to achieve an effective and practical general scheme of spaceborne radar and optimizatiion method on space multi-object trace scheduling strategy, and provide theoretical support for applications on space objects detection with high efficiency using spaceborne radar.

提高空间态势感知能力有助于航天活动的安全。利用天基雷达探测空间目标可弥补地基雷达探测的不足，通过优化多目标跟踪策略可有效提高天基雷达探测空间目标的效率。本项目研究天基雷达系统总体方案设计、空间目标航迹历程预测方法、以及空间目标跟踪调度策略优化方法。提出了包含雷达参数设计、卫星轨道设计和星座设计等内容的天基雷达系统总体方案，具有技术先进性和可实现性。提出了基于SGP4轨道预报模型的空间目标航迹历程预测方法，能适应复杂动态条件，且能兼容定轨和成像两方面需求。提出基于半随机搜索和遗传算法级联的空间多目标跟踪调度策略优化方法，将多目标观测转化为等效单目标长时间观测，对机械扫描雷达和相控阵雷达都适用。研究目标是从实际应用角度出发提出行之有效的天基雷达系统总体方案和空间多目标跟踪调度策略优化方法，为天基雷达高效探测空间目标的应用研究提供理论支撑。

增强空间态势感知能力是空间资源开发、空间安全及空间控制的关键。天基雷达可以弥补地基雷达探测空间目标的不足，因此提高天基雷达探测空间目标的效率是重要的研究方向。本项目首先提出空间目标探测天基雷达系统总体设计方案并进行了论证。然后，研究了复杂动态条件下基于SGP4轨道预报模型的空间目标航迹历程预测方法，该方法能兼容定轨和成像两方面需求。最后，为了实现多目标、多圈次、多弧段的自动衔接观测，最大限度地提高雷达工作效率，提出了基于半随机搜索和遗传算法级联的空间多目标跟踪调度策略优化方法，将多目标观测转化为等效单目标长时间观测，对机械扫描雷达和相控阵雷达都适用。本项目形成了现实可行的天基雷达系统总体方案和空间多目标跟踪调度策略优化方法及性能评价准则，为天基雷达高效探测空间目标的应用研究提供理论支撑。