多主体参与下小农户生态农业可持续发展模式研究——以沃土模式为例

The ecological planting mode with small farmers as the mainstay can not only solve the problem of increasing the development of rural peasants, but also bring about comprehensive benefits in ecological, economic, and social aspects. In 2018, the Central No. 1 document also explicitly included the development of small farmers in strategic planning. After nearly ten years of efforts by domestic NGOs and other organizations, we have established a variety of localized small farmer eco-agricultural practice models, which is in small scale yet has great potential future. Taking the Nurture Land mode as the research object, which is featured by multi-agent participation in the sustainable development model of smallholders' eco-agriculture. We study the characteristics of multi-agents, and combines objective data with subjective research to study the key factors and time and space evolution of this mode，and we discuss the enhancement of the internal driving force and the enhancement of external safeguard measures in the multi-agent sustainable development mode. The research will provide theoretical reference and practical guidance for the convergence of small farmers and the market, promote the sustainable development of ecological agriculture, promote urban-rural harmony, rural construction, rural environment and land health.

以小农户为主体的生态种植模式既可以解决日益突出的农村农民发展问题，又可以带来生态、经济、社会效益的综合增长，2018年中央一号文件首次将小农户发展明确列入战略规划。经过近十余年来国内各种组织的努力，建立了多种本土化小农户生态农业实践模式，已具备“星星之火”的借鉴意义。本项目以沃土模式为例，以多主体参与下小农户生态农业可持续发展模式为研究对象，研究多主体特征，以客观数据结合主观调研，研究该模式的可持续发展关键因素及其时间和空间演化规律，探讨多主体参与下小农户生态农业可持续发展模式的动力机制，提出增强内部动力和提高外部保障的措施。研究将为小农户与市场有机衔接提供理论参考依据和实践指导，促进小农户生态农业发展，推动城乡和谐、乡村建设、乡村环境和土地健康的可持续发展。

以小农户为主体的生态种植模式既可以解决日益突出的农村农民发展问题，又可以带来生态、经济、社会效益的综合增长，2018年中央一号文件首次将小农户发展明确列入战略规划。经过近十余年来国内各种组织的努力，建立了多种本土化小农户生态农业实践模式，已具备“星星之火”的借鉴意义。本项目主要针对多主体参与下小农户生态农业模式可持续发展问题，结合主观调研与客观数据融合分析展开研究，通过实地调研与资料分析，总结归纳案例，重点研究了小农户生态农业转型、参与特征及其关系，揭示了小农户生态农业模式建立、稳定运行演化规律，归纳总结了小农户生态农业可持续发展的关键要素，从增强内生动力与外部保障角度提出了小农户生态农业可持续发展对策建议。研究结果表明多主体参与下的小农户生态农业模式生产者以返乡新农人为主体，第三方组织以社会企业为组织形式，消费者以价值认同为主要特征，多方参与形成遵循生命逻辑基于多元价值的信任为基、利责共生、风险共担、信息公开、参与式监督的发展模式，是兼具内生性、组织性、多元价值性和创新性的可持续发展之路。研究对从可持续发展角度丰富小农户发展理论和乡村振兴实践具有理论意义和现实意义。