Sexual reproduction is progressive in evolution. Mammals’ generation is exclusively sexual reproduction. While the mechanism of this phenomenon is remaining unclear. So far, accumulating publications reveal that single germ cell has potential to initiate development, thus the embryos will die at early stage. It is interesting scientific question which genes play roles in asexual-reproduction lethal, and what are the functions of those genes. We think this question reversely and try to rescue the abnormal phenotype of parthenogenetic animals by reprograming effect caused by clone technic. Fortunately, we got first population of parthenogenetic pigs in the world. Based on those pigs, the application was raised. The basic strategy is large scale screening, by this way, we hope to identify the genes related to the abnormal phenotype in parthenogenetic pigs. Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry would be used to test the expression of candidates. By whole genome methylation screening, we will identify the methylation status of candidates. Finally, DNMTs will be systematically investigated to clarify the upstream regulator of candidates. Beside all of the mechanism investigation, we are planning to build single gene knock out (KO) pig. By identifying the embryos and adults abnormalities of KO pig, the association between gene function and animal phenotype could be verified. The animal models build in this study are useful for human genetic disease research.
有性生殖是进化过程中的巨大进步。哺乳类在自然状况下只采用有性生殖方式繁育后代,但保障这一点的分子机制尚不明确。已有研究表明哺乳类动物也存在单性生殖细胞的无性发育,但发育中致死。针对“无性生殖致死的关键基因有哪些,功能如何?”这一科学问题,我们一反常规思路,采用逆向思维,通过克隆技术引起的“重编程”效应,尝试修复孤雌动物的胚胎致死现象,并成功获得了首批孤雌猪。以这一独有的研究对象为依托,我们提出本项目,通过全面的多层次筛选,鉴定与孤雌发育过程所出现异常表型相关的候选基因,并通过Real-time PCR和免疫组化对其表达进行确认;通过甲基化芯片对其表达异常机制进行研究,并通过系统性的研究DNMT家族的基因表达与功能的变化阐明候选基因表达差异的上游调控机制。在此基础上,还将对重要基因进行敲除,检测所出现的胚胎或成体异常,验证其功能,并为人类遗传病的致病基因鉴定和功能研究提供有价值的动物模型。
孤雌生殖是由未受精卵母细胞进行的无性生殖过程,自然发生在植物、一些非脊椎动物和少部分脊椎动物中。在哺乳动物中,孤雌生殖不能自然产生可存活的后代,这主要是由于纯合子的致死突变或全基因组印记阻碍了胚胎发育。本课题利用转录组测序对不同代孤雌生殖克隆胎儿和猪进行分析,共找到484个基因发生了显著变化,三轮SCNT后,270个基因恢复到正常的表达水平,剩余的214个基因未能恢复。在30个已知的猪印记基因中发现11个父系表达基因在G0胎儿中严重缺失,经过三轮的SCNT,4个父系表达基因和1个母系表达基因恢复到正常水平。我们还鉴定出134个转录因子在G0胎儿中发生显著变化。同时甲基化测序分析发现在G0胎儿中6个父系表达基因均有启动子区域高甲基化,3个母系表达基因的基因体区在G0胎儿中均呈现低甲基化,经过三轮的SCNT恢复到野生型的水平。这些结果表明三轮的SCNT恢复了大部分基因的表达水平和印记基因的甲基化水平。结果提示连续的SCNT能够重编程胚胎发育相关的调控因子,从而支持孤雌克隆猪的出生。进而,通过对全基因组重测序分析,我们还发现了哺乳动物孤雌生殖特有的SNP模式。经疾病检测和免疫组化分析,在G3代孤雌生殖克隆猪中发现存在多种发育异常表型,包括腭裂,脊柱弯曲,大小脑、骨骼肌、肾脏等多个组织器官发育不良的症状。这些结果提示我们经过连续SCNT能够恢复的基因可能有利于孤雌胚胎的发育,未能恢复的基因很可能会造成孤雌生殖克隆猪的先天性疾病。另外,我们敲除了孤雌生殖胎儿的H19基因或过表达了IGF2基因,均未获得成活的孤雌猪,提示猪的孤雌生殖是多个基因共同调控的结果。综上所述,本课题最终阐明了猪孤雌生殖胚胎发育过程中基因表达动态变化和甲基化模式,全面揭示了猪孤雌生殖胚胎发育的机制,为胚胎发育以及人类遗传疾病研究提供了动物模型。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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