Deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) hypersensitive sites (DHS) are sensitive and precise markers of all cis-regulatory elements in human genome with a sequence length of 200 bp. In 2012, ENCODE project systematically annotated the whole genome, especially those noncoding regions, using DHS and other datasets. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 5000 genetic loci associated with diseases/traits, the majority (~93%) of which lie within noncoding sequence. About 76.6% of these noncoding GWAS variants are related to DHS and the gastric cancer risk-related variants are also enriched in DHS sequence. Based on existing GWAS data of gastric cancer, the current project have determined gastric cancer risk related variants within DHS region by using ENCODE data. We are going to replicate these variants in a large case-control study to identify gastric cancer susceptibility loci. In combination with bioinformatics and molecular biology methods, we plan to further evaluate the regulatory mechanisms of gastric cancer related variants in target gene transcription and the roles of target genes in gastric cancer development. These efforts may further clarify the susceptibility to gastric cancer, provide new insight into the etiology of gastric cancer and improve the prevention and treatment level for gastric cancer.
脱氧核糖核酸酶I超敏感位点(DHS)代表一类长约200bp的DNA序列,可精确标记基因组调控区所有顺式调控元件。2012年,ENCODE计划利用DHS等数据全面解析了人类基因组特别是非编码区的功能。全基因组关联研究(GWAS)发现的5000多个疾病/性状相关遗传位点中约93%位于非编码区,其中76.6%位于DHS标记的基因组调控区,GWAS发现的胃癌易感位点也显著富集于DHS区。本课题基于前期已经完成的胃癌GWAS数据,整合ENCODE数据初步筛选了位于DHS区域的遗传变异,拟进一步应用大样本病例-对照研究确定胃癌易感位点,并综合应用生物信息学和分子生物学等方法探讨胃癌风险相关遗传变异的转录调控机制及其调控靶基因在胃癌发生中的作用机制。本课题将进一步阐明胃癌易感机制,为揭示胃癌发生的生物学机制提供新思路,为胃癌防治提供理论和技术支持。
本项目采用多阶段流行病学研究设计,首先通过已有的胃癌全基因组遗传数据库(3771例病例,5426例对照),结合ENCODE数据库定义的DHS区,以及TCGA和GTEx数据库的数据进行生物信息学分析,筛选出候选胃癌易感位点,并在独立大样本人群(6335例病例,7519例对照)中进行验证,确定了位于DHS区新的胃癌易感位点:7q21.11区域的rs7811798,其G等位基因可以降低胃癌风险(OR值及95%可信区间为0.86(0.81,0.90),P=2.36×10-8)。其次,本项目通过功能学研究发现,5p13.1区域胃癌易感位点rs59133000所在区域具有启动子活性,其T>C转变可增强PRKAA1启动子区域与TCF4的结合,减弱该启动子活性,且体内体外实验均证实PRKAA1可以抑制胃癌细胞的增殖。10q23胃癌易感区域的rs11187842-T/rs3781266-G/rs3740365-A单倍型通过增强增强子活性促进NOC3L的表达,而NOC3L表达增加可以促进胃癌细胞的增殖。6p22.1胃癌易感区域的rs2799077-T–rs2799079-C单倍型通过降低增强子活性抑制BTN3A2的表达,从而抑制胃癌的增殖、迁移和侵袭。此外,项目组积极探讨其他胃癌易感性相关生物标志物,发现遗传评分、端粒长度、线粒体DNA拷贝数等指标可共同用于胃癌风险预测。综上所述,本项目发现了新的胃癌易感位点,并发现了其他与胃癌易感性相关的生物标志,在胃癌风险预测中具有潜在的应用价值,对促进胃癌高危人群筛查和早诊早治具有一定的指导意义。同时,阐明了基因组调控区遗传变异在胃癌发生中的生物学机制,为胃癌药物的研发提供潜在的新型治疗靶标。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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