植入式心脏起搏器磁耦合谐振无线经皮能量传输理论与方法研究

Implantable cardiac pacemakers play a crucial role in prolonging the life of patients with cardiovascular disease. How to safely, sufficiently, efficiently and stably provide electricity for implantable cardiac pacemakers is now one of major problems to be solved. The project takes solving this problem as the research objective, and further studies the theory and methods of wireless transcutaneous energy transmission for implantable cardiac pacemaker based on magnetic coupling resonance. Combining the theoretical study, numerical simulation and experimental research, the project focuses on solving three major issues faced with in wireless energy technology for implantable cardiac pacemaker: transmission efficiency, electromagnetic security and resonance stability. Through establishing the model of novel asymmetric and plane spiral coupling coils which are conducive to human implantation, providing methods to improve quality factors, and presenting the strong coupling resonance method based on the priority principle of receiving circuit self-resonant, and the in-depth study of magnetic coupling resonance theory, the problem of high efficient wireless transcutaneous energy supply will be solved. Electromagnetic dosages in human body produced by wireless energy supply system and electromagnetic compatibility between wireless energy supply system and implantable electron component are studied. Considering the electromagnetic safety and taking the maximum transmission efficiency as the objective, the excitation current and frequency are optimized. Combining the impedance angle calculated by electromagnetic simulation with the dynamic capacitance compensation method, the system's stable resonance is ensured. The project provides the theoretical basis and experimental reference for realizing the wireless energy supply system for implantable cardiac pacemaker in the future, which Has important scientific significance and practical value.

植入式心脏起搏器在延长心血管疾病患者生命上发挥着至关重要的作用。安全、足够、高效、稳定地为植入式心脏起搏器提供电能，是目前亟待解决的重大难题之一。本项目以解决该难题为研究目标，深入研究植入式心脏起搏器磁耦合谐振无线经皮能量传输理论和方法。将理论研究、数值仿真与实验相结合，重点解决植入式心脏起搏器无线供能技术所面临的传输效率、电磁安全性、谐振稳定性三大问题。建立利于植入人体的新型非对称平面螺旋耦合线圈模型，给出提高品质因数的方法，通过深入研究磁耦合谐振理论，给出接收端电路自谐振优先的强耦合谐振方法，解决高效率无线经皮电能供给问题；研究无线供能系统在人体内产生的电磁剂量及其电磁兼容性，在考虑电磁安全下以最大传输效率为目标，优化设计激励电流和频率；采用阻抗角计算和动态电容补偿相结合的方法保证系统稳定谐振，为最终实现植入式心脏起搏器无线供能系统提供理论基础和实验依据，具有重要的科学意义和实用价值。

植入式心脏起搏器在延长心血管疾病患者生命上发挥着至关重要的作用。安全、足够、高效、稳定地为植入式心脏起搏器提供电能，是目前亟待解决的重大难题之一。本项目以解决该难题为研究目标，深入研究植入式心脏起搏器磁耦合谐振无线经皮能量传输理论和方法。将理论研究、数值仿真与实验相结合，重点解决了植入式心脏起搏器无线供能技术所面临的传输效率、电磁安全性、谐振稳定性三大问题。主要研究内容和取得的重要结果有：（1）得到了提高植入式心脏起搏器磁耦合谐振无线能量传输效率方法。建立了四种补偿电路的等效电路模型和解耦电路模型，推导出了磁耦合谐振匹配电容的完备解，并给出磁耦合谐振实用判定条件。推导出了传输效率的表达式，揭示了传输效率与两线圈品质因数、耦合系数和负载系数四个因素的定量关系，为优化设计高传输效率的无线能量传输系统提供了理论依据。此外，给出了无线能量传输系统最大功率传输的方法，包括电容匹配法、调整频率和互感法和仅调整频率法。（2）提出了适于植入人体且具有稳定谐振特性的LCC-C补偿电路拓扑用于心脏起搏器无线充电，并经推导得到了耦合谐振阻抗匹配方法。给出了通过调整频率、线圈互感等实现稳定谐振的方法。（3）建立了带有无线充电系统的三维高精度真实人体的电磁场和热场仿真模型，在100kHz到1MHz的频率范围，通过实验测试和有限元仿真心脏起搏器内的电磁场和人体组织内的电磁场、SAR和温升，确定出了植入式心脏起搏器无线充电系统的适宜的频率300kHz-1MHz，本课题选用300kHz。（4）研制了适于植入人体且品质因数高的耦合线圈和两套人工心脏起搏器无线充电系统实验样机，成功地在30分钟内完成了电池的无线充电，并通过了安全性评估。两套样机的传输效率为75%-80%。本项目的理论和方法，以及成功研制的实验样机，为未来心脏起搏器无线充电系统的临床应用提供了理论和技术支持，因此本项目具有重大的理论意义和潜在的应用前景。