高温超导磁耦合谐振式无线电能传输的理论与实验研究

Magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transfer is the transmission of electrical energy between oscillators via their non-radiative strongly coupled magnetic resonances, Due to its lower energy loss, less impact on environment, and realizing middle-range wireless power transfer, it has bright application prospects and has become the focus of research at home and abroad in recent years. Because the power transfer efficiency is closely related to the resistance of resonant coils, and superconductors uniquely have characteristics of low loss and higher current carrying ability, superconductor is fit for wireless power transfer. To date, the research on high temperature superconducting (HTS) magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transfer is just beginning in the world and the related theory still has serious deficiencies. In this project, we will do theoretical and experimental study on HTS magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transfer, based on the characteristic researches of AC losses in HTS coils. Then we will establish a theoretical model for HTS magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transfer, and obtain the influence of frequency and tansmission distance on tansmission efficiency, the method of matching the load impedance with the source impedance, and the law of frequency-splitting. We will also investigate the feasibility of low-frequency HTS magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transfer. All these works will lay a foundation for promoting the application of HTS magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transfer, especially in space and national defense.

磁耦合谐振式无线电能传输是利用振荡器之间的非辐射强耦合磁谐振实现无线电能传输的能量传输方式。由于其具有损耗小、对环境影响小、且可实现中等距离电能传输，因而有着美好的应用前景，成为近年来国内外研究的重点。鉴于磁耦合谐振式无线电能传输的效率与谐振线圈的电阻有关，而超导体独有的损耗小、载流密度大等特性，使得超导体用于无线电能传输具有很大优势。目前国际上关于高温超导磁耦合谐振式无线电能传输的研究刚刚起步，相关研究还存在很大缺陷与不足。为此，本项目将在高温超导线圈交流损耗特性研究的基础上，开展高温超导磁耦合谐振式无线电能传输的理论与实验研究，建立高温超导磁耦合谐振式无线电能传输的理论模型，获得传输效率随频率与传输距离变化的关系，掌握阻抗匹配方法和频率分裂规律，探讨低频高温超导磁耦合谐振式无线电能传输的可行性，为促进高温超导磁耦合谐振式无线电能传输技术的应用（尤其在空间与国防方面的应用）奠定基础。

无线电能传输是不需人造导体的电能传输方式。鉴于无线电能传输的效率与谐振线圈的电阻有关，而超导体独有的损耗小特性，使得超导体用于无线电能传输具有很大优势。本项目开展了高温超导无线电能传输的理论与实验研究：开展了高温超导无线电能传输与常规导体无线电能传输的系统研究，结果表明，高温超导无线电能传输的效率与传输距离显著优于相应常规导体无线电能传输，随着传输频率越低，传输效率的优势愈加显著。与常规无线电能传输类似，高温超导无线电能传输也存在频率分裂现象；研制了无线电能传输用高温超导电容器，并将所研制的高温超导电容作为补偿电容用于高温超导无线电能传输，以进一步提高超导无线电能传输的效率；率先开展了高温超导-常规导体混合无线电能传输的研究，实验发现了高温超导线圈作为发射线圈比作为接收线圈的传输效率更高的不对称现象，并对不对称现象进行了深入的分析研究，建立了高温超导-常规导体的混合传输的不对称理论模型，揭示了这种不对称性的成因；进一步开展了采用中继线圈的高温超导-常规导体混合多接收线圈无线电能传输系统的实验研究，结果显示，采用高温超导线圈作为中继线圈可以提高传输效率，多接收线圈系统的传输效率高于单接收系统的传输效率；开展了无线电能传输用高温超导线圈的交流损耗研究，指出高温超导无线电能传输用线圈，在传输过程中的交流损耗增大，且损耗增量随传输电流变化存在极值，该极值对应的传输电流随频率增加而减小。这些研究成果，可为高温超导无线电能传输的实际应用提供指导。