强度调制型偏振光谱成像系统的测量误差分析与标定技术研究

Polarimetric spectral intensity modulation (PSIM) is an advanced technology to acquire hiperspectral polarization information. With fully static, snapshot, full Stokes parameter measurement, etc., PSIM has broad application prospects in the field of astronomical observation, remote sensing, and so on. The precision of polarization spectrum measurement is one of the technical bottlenecks restricting the development and application of this technology. This project will deeply study the influence of the errors of optical devices in the system on the measurement error of the polarization spectrum, establish a system-wide vector radiation transfer model, elaborate the factors of the measurement accuracy of the polarization spectrum of the imaging system, and study effective approachs to reduce the measurement error of the polarization spectrum. Firstly, based on the parameters of optics, the accurate calculation of the polarization characteristics of the refraction interface, the reflection interface and the diffraction grating is realized. The quantitative relationship between the parameters of the interface and the polarization characteristics of the optical system is studied. And the method to effectively suppress the polarization effect of the optical system by optimizing the interface parameters is proposed. Secondly, by describing the establishment of a system-wide vector radiation transmission model, the transmission of light vector in the system is described in terms of physics. Finally, based on this model, the parameters of system polarization radiation transmission are extracted and calibrated, which can correct the systematic error and reduce the measurement error of the system's polarization spectrum.

偏振光谱强度调制技术（PSIM）是目前获取目标高光谱偏振信息的先进技术，具有全静态、快照式、全Stokes参量测量等优点，在天文观测、对地遥感等领域具有广阔的应用前景，偏振光谱测量精度是制约该技术发展、应用的技术瓶颈之一。本项目将深入研究系统中光学器件误差对偏振光谱测量误差的影响，建立全系统的矢量辐射传输模型，阐述影响系统偏振光谱测量精度的因素，并研究降低偏振光谱测量误差的有效措施：首先，根据光学器件的参数，实现对折射界面、反射界面和衍射光栅偏振特性的精确计算，研究各界面参数与光学系统偏振特性的定量关系，提出通过优化界面参数以有效抑制光学系统偏振效应的方法；其次，通过推导建立全系统矢量辐射传输模型，从物理本质上描述光矢量在系统中的传输过程；最后，基于此模型提炼出系统偏振辐射传输参数并标定，实现对系统误差的算法校正，降低系统的偏振光谱测量误差。

本项目旨在降低强度调制型偏振光谱成像系统的测量误差，围绕误差分析与系统定标开展了研究工作。首先，通过理论研究各因素的影响机理、影响途径，建立了系统偏振光谱测量误差与各影响因子之间的定量关系，分析了系统偏振光谱测量精度的误差源及各因素灵敏度，并提出一种强度调制模块偏振误差的标定方法；其次，通过对弱偏振元件偏振特性的仿真计算与分析，提出一种保偏光学系统设计方法，以降低光学系统偏振效应的影响；最后，推导建立了全系统矢量辐射传输模型，基于模型研究了系统标定及误差补偿方法，实现了对系统误差的校正。研究结果表明，本项目得出的模型与方法可以有效提升强度调制型偏振光谱成像系统的测量精度。相关研究成果完善了强度调制型偏振光谱成像技术的误差分析体系与系统定标理论、模型及方法，对于该技术的研究与应用具有重要的理论和现实意义。