典型城市化区域新型污染物的源汇关系及生态效应研究

Increasing environmental problems induced by emerging pollutants such as perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) become seveious threat, according with traditional industrial transfer and new industrial layout during urbanization. The applicants found that the pollution and distribution of PFASs and other emerging pollutants were closely related to the urbanization process in previous studies. PFASs have extensive applications, which can be found everywhere in the environment. However, their source-sink corelation, ecological precess and ecological effects are still not clear. The methods for source identification and quantify are still in the initial stage. It is of great scientific significance to study their source-sink relationship, transportation mechanism and ecological effects, through field survey, model simulation and control experiment. The applicant’s team has been engaged in research of emerging pollutants for many years. Based on the previous related studies in the Bohai and Yellow sea coastal regions, this project will continuously choose the “double high” regions with higher environmental levels and intensive inputs of PFASs as case study area, where the research team has investigated aboundant materails and results. According to analysis of the composition of “TF-EOF-PFASs”, the source tracing methods of PFASs will be established using material flow analysis technology in the scale of urbanization area. The emission sources inventory will be figured out as well. The spatial pattern and corelation of “source-sink-flow” of typical PFASs will be analyzed and a multi-media diffusion model will be optimized to adapt for simulating the influences of urbanization to ecological process of emerging pollutants. And then, ecological effects of PFASs by assessing structure and function of ecosystem in chosed bay and estuary will be interpreted. The outcomes of the project will provide important scientific support for research on control and elimination of PFASs, and will provide signficant viewpoints for effective management of emerging pollutants related industrial restructuring in urbanization area.

城市化过程中产业布局调整带来的新型污染物问题日益凸显，申请者团队前期研究已发现城市化过程与全氟化合物（PFASs）等新型污染物的污染及分布密切相关。由于PFASs应用范围极为广泛，在环境中无处不在，其溯源方法仍处于探索阶段，源汇关系以及生态过程与效应仍不清晰。如何科学识别与定量该类污染物，厘清其传输过程与生态效应，是我国城市化过程中新环境问题管控的重要方向。本项目拟基于前期研究积累，选择我国PFASs环境水平与排放输入“双高”的典型城市化区域，依据“TF-EOF-PFASs”的物质组成原理，应用物质流分析方法，构建城市化区域PFASs的溯源方法，建立区域优控PFASs的排放源清单，解析PFASs的“源-汇-流”空间耦合关系，阐明海湾与河口快速城市化区域PFASs的生态过程及其效应机制，为典型城市化地区氟工业布局和相关产业转移以及该类新型污染物排放的控制与削减提供决策依据和科技支撑。

城市化过程带来的新污染物问题日益引起关注，全氟化合物（PFASs）作为最典型的一类新型有机污染物，已被列入我国新污染物治理行动计划的优控清单，其源汇关系与生态效应的研究至关重要。本项目选择华北典型城市化区域的洋河流域、新兴城市化区域的白洋淀流域和华南城市化区域的粤东滨海为重点研究区域，在大量野外调查和采样监测的基础上，优化空间分析与模型模拟方法，评估生态效应及健康风险，重点开展了以下6方面研究：（1）华北典型城市化区域PFASs的空间分布与风险评价：选择华北洋河流域，研究了PFASs的环境暴露、生物富集与健康风险；（2）华北典型城市化区域PFASs的排放特征及源汇关系：以城市污水处理厂为节点，阐释了PFASs的从“源”-排放通量核算到“汇”-流域传输特征的源汇过程；（3）白洋淀新兴城市化区域PFASs的时空分布与输移特征：选择白洋淀流域，分析PFASs的沉积过程、输出特性以及源汇关系；（4）白洋淀新兴城市化区域PFASs的生态效应与风险阻控：在阐明生物富集特征的基础上，通过优化逸度模型，重点探讨PFASs风险阻控的技术优选方法；（5）粤东滨海区域PFASs的源汇关系及生态风险：选择华南粤东滨海区域，研究PFASs的沉积效应以及生物富集特征（6）典型养殖区水产品中PFASs的暴露特征及健康风险：以鱿鱼为评价对象，选择我国滨海主要养殖区，开展鱿鱼富集特征、摄食风险以及不同烹饪方式对其健康风险的影响等。.通过以上研究，共发表论文24篇，其中SCI论文19篇，中科院SCI一区论文12篇，第一标注论文8篇；向地方管理部门提交政策建议1份并被采纳；培养硕士和博士研究生9名、1名博士后，其中，2名研究生获国家奖学金、2名获中科院冠名奖、1名博士生获北京市优秀毕业生。作为主要组织者，召开2次“中韩滨海环境污染与风险评价系列研讨会”（2019-汕头、2021-线上），并作为特邀编辑，在Environ Int、Sci Total Environ、Sustainability、Int J Enviro Res Pub Health上5次组织相关方向的专刊。.综上，圆满完成了项目计划任务和预期目标。