面向突发灾害应急响应的无人机无线宽带数据传输关键技术研究

The real-time transmission of emergency data in a sudden-onset disaster is a key part of emergency response. An UAV wireless broadband data link can realize the real-time feedback of emergency data, thereby supporting the rapid and accurate emergency decision-makings. However, the multi-source emergency data with different QoS requirements and the complicated near-earth communication environment pose grave challenges for real-time transmission. This project is intended to break through the key technical problems hampering UAV wireless broadband and real-time data transmission. Its concrete research content involves the requirements analysis of UAV wireless broadband data transmission in sudden-onset disaster emergency response, the research on the key technologies of integration transmission and QoS guarantee and the prototype development of UAV wireless broadband data link. The proposed technologies and developed prototype device will verified by the demonstrations at a tailing reservoir prone to man-made mud-rock flow. This project innovatively study the integration transmission mechanism based on asynchronous transmission control and the integrated error resilient algorithm with low-latency and low-redundancy based on feedback information, which provide the optimal transmission control for reliably transmitting the multi-source emergency data in real-time, thereby having great application value and realistic meaning .

突发灾害中应急数据的实时传输是应急响应的关键环节。无人机无线宽带数据链能够实现突发灾害应急响应信息的实时反馈，支持快速准确的应急决策。然而，不同QoS需求的多源应急数据和复杂的近地通信环境给实时传输带来了巨大的挑战。本项目旨在突破实现无人机无线宽带实时传输的关键技术难题，其研究内容包括：面向灾害应急的无人机宽带实时传输需求分析；无人机融合传输与QoS保障关键技术研究；无人机无线宽带数据链原型设备研制。本项目将在人造泥石流易发的尾矿区域对技术成果和原型设备进行示范验证。本项目创新性地提出了基于异步传输控制的融合传输机制和基于反馈信息的低延时低冗余综合抗误码算法，为多源应急数据的实时传输提供最优的传输控制，实现可靠的无线宽带传输，具有重要的应用价值和现实意义。

突发灾害中应急数据的实时传输是应急响应的关键环节。无人机无线宽带数据链能够实现突发灾害应急响应信息的实时反馈，支持快速准确的应急决策。然而，不同QoS需求的多源应急数据和复杂的近地通信环境给实时传输带来了巨大的挑战。本项目旨在突破实现无人机无线宽带实时传输的关键技术难题，按计划开展研究，内容包括：对面向灾害应急的无人机宽带实时传输的需求进行分析；研究无人机融合传输与QoS保障关键技术，包括研究低延时和低冗余的抗误码机制，研究无线传输的去噪机制，研究无人机自适应通信协议；研制无人机无线宽带数据链原型设备，并在不同场景下对设备进行测试。经过项目组4年的研究，已发表学术论文7篇，申请国家发明专利2项，研制无人机宽带数据链原型系统1套。博士后出站1人，培养硕士研究生2人。本项目研究的无人机无线数据实时传输关键技术和研制的无人机宽带数据链设备，能够适用多种复杂的应用通信环境，支持灾害应急响应信息的实时传输，能够为其它更多的无人机应用场景提供数据传输支持，为未来无人机多机组网和融合通信提供基础，也可以作为空天地网络的一部分对空天地一体化实时观测与应用服务起到一定的推动作用。