螺旋结构鲍鱼脏器硫酸多糖的分子重排及结晶分子机理研究

Shellfish polysaccharide is an important resource of marine blue barn in China, currently, which have become the focus of food science. However, so far there is still lack of the molecular mechanisms of the functional properties of these polysaccharides. Our previous studies have found sulfated polysaccharides from shellfish viscera had a unique structure, space size and matching shape. Meanwhile, this study targeted at the sulfated polysaccharide from abalone viscera and the molecular mechanism hypothesis that the orientation force inducing crystallization was proposed, namely the helical structure of polysaccharide molecular chain was rearranged, and conformation was transformed, and the long-range order of crystal was formed through the effect of the orientation force. In this study, we present challenges around the idea of “polysaccharide molecules chain→ physic-chemical treatment→ helix structure→ molecular chain rearrangement → conformation transformation→ multi-scale simulation and verification→ crystallization”, combining with computer simulation, mathematical theory calculation, spectroscopic method and rheology, the crystallization functional properties of sulfated polysaccharide from abalone viscera will be researched, and the molecular structure, molecular force, molecular arrangement and crystal parameters will be analyzed, and the effects of physic-chemical treatment and orientation force on the crystallization behavior will be interrelated as well. The present study intends to focus on exploring and validating structure and crystallization of functional properties of sulfated polysaccharide from abalone viscera, which is expected to further understanding and revealing the molecular mechanisms of the functional properties of these polysaccharides, and developing new ways of intensive processing of shellfish polysaccharides, and providing scientific evidence for functional properties of crystallized sulfated polysaccharide.

贝类多糖是我国海洋蓝色粮仓的重要资源，是当前食品科学研究的重点。然而至今仍缺乏对此类多糖的功能性质分子机理的认知。在课题组前期研究发现贝类脏器硫酸多糖具有独特的结构、空间尺寸和形状匹配的基础上，本项目以鲍鱼脏器硫酸多糖为对象，提出取向力诱导多糖结晶的分子机理假说：即取向力使多糖螺旋分子链发生重排，构象转变，形成长程有序的晶体。围绕“多糖分子链→物化处理→螺旋结构→分子重排→构象转变→多尺度模拟验证→结晶”的思路，结合计算机模拟、数学理论计算、光谱学、流变学等方法系统研究鲍鱼脏器硫酸多糖的结晶功能性质，分析其分子结构、分子作用力、分子排列及晶体参数，阐释物化处理和取向力对结晶的影响。拟重点探索并验证鲍鱼脏器硫酸多糖的结构与结晶功能性质的关系。有望深入地认识并揭示鲍鱼脏器硫酸多糖结晶功能性质的分子机理，开辟贝类多糖精深加工的新途径，并为硫酸多糖结晶功能性质研究提供科学依据。

贝类多糖是我国海洋蓝色粮仓的重要资源，是当前食品科学研究的重点。我国鲍鱼的年产值已经超过百亿元，但鲍鱼加工中产生的大量脏器被丢弃，即浪费资源，又造成环境污染。鲍鱼脏器中富含的硫酸多糖具有很高的生物活性，可作为潜在的、有待开发的大分子药物，而多糖的生物活性与其构象密切相关。深入研究多糖结构与结晶功能性质的关系，揭示此类多糖的结晶分子机理，是掌握贝类多糖高功能性制品生产关键技术的前提。本项目以鲍鱼脏器中的主要部分性腺为原料，制备了鲍鱼性腺硫酸多糖，采用HPLC、GC-MS、红外光谱、1H NMR、13C NMR、动态光散射、原子力显微镜、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、DSC、刚果红实验、分子动力学模拟近代最先进技术和现代分离、分析手段系统研究了鲍鱼性腺硫酸多糖的一级结构、二糖片段，构象，并对金属离子诱导分子重排形成晶体结构进行研究，初步得到了鲍鱼性腺硫酸多糖的螺旋构象和高级结构。研究成果为硫酸多糖构象特别是晶体结构的研究提供可借鉴的方法，为其后续研究及在食品方面的应用奠定理论基础，为其他贝类脏器的高值化利用提供重要的科学依据与实践指导。