异质性企业空间选择及其效应研究

Though economic diversity is determined by the character of micro-individual heterogeneity, the study of firm's heterogeneity on trade and location was started several years ago. The theorem of firm' heterogeneity, an area of promising perspective, is on the stage of introduction in China. This program will embody the character of heterogeneity into the spatial location model from the "Enterprise - Industry - city - regional - global" vision gradually. We will explore the effects of the difference of factor endowment, firm's productivity and scale and product on firm s' location, and then the eights macroeconomic effects of firms' locations, to give a new explanation for the hot issues, such as industry upgrading and transfer, urbanization and metropolitan, regional differences and inter-district cooperation, the collaboration of producer services and manufacturing, environment and trade etc., and found the related micro-basis for macro-management and policies. Specifically, we will establish some models including "the role of big firm in cluster: an oligopoly game of cluster competition", "the heterogeneous firms' location model of headquarters and plants", "the heterogeneous firm model of outsourcing, trade-in-tasks and location", "the match model of heterogeneous firms and urban hierarchy", and then estimate the key results our this program. Using international forefront theoretical tools on Chinese issues, this project will lead the tides of Spatial Economy with innovative theoretical methods and unique perspectives.

经济的多样性由微观个体异质性决定，而国际上关于企业异质性对于贸易和区位的研究才起步几年，这是一个极具前景的方向。国内尚处于介绍引进阶段。本项目将企业异质性融入企业空间选择模型，从"企业-产业-城市-区域-全球"的视野逐步放大而层层展开问题，探索要素禀赋差异、生产率差异、规模差异和产品差异等对企业定位的影响，进而探讨企业定位的八大宏观效应，从一个独特的角度对产业升级与转移、城市化与都市圈、区域差异与区际合作、生产性服务业与制造业协同、环境与贸易等热点问题提供全新的阐释，为宏观管理与政策提供相应的微观基础。具体将建立"集群中的大企业：基于集群竞争的寡占博弈"、"异质性企业总部与工厂选址"、"外包、任务贸易与异质性企业区位选择"、"异质性企业与城市层级的匹配"等空间经济模型，并进行相应的实证检验。本项目用国际前沿理论研究中国现实问题，其视角与研究方法的新颖和独特，将引领国内空间经济研究的新方向。

在空间经济学领域，自Baldwin & Okubo（2006）将异质性企业假设引入到空间经济模型以来，异质性企业区位理论由于解决了企业异质性特征引致的企业内生区位选择问题而受到经济学界的广泛关注。本项目基于空间经济学的基本框架，将企业异质性融入企业空间选择问题，从“企业-产业-城市-区域-全球”的视野，探索了要素禀赋差异、生产率差异、规模差异、产品差异等对企业定位的影响，进而探讨了企业空间定位的八大宏观效应，具体进行了如下理论突破：“基于异质性企业市场进入和劳动力流动的空间经济学框架，首次提出城市层级体系理论”、“创新性的构建了大城市企业生产率溢价的理论框架”、“基于空间经济学基本研究框架，分析了转型经济体城镇化过程中异质性劳动力区位选择以及产生的城市均衡结构问题”、“建立一个空间与产业二维性下的生产性服务业组织与制造业集群循环促进的自洽逻辑框架”等。本项目从异质性企业的角度，对区域与产业发展、产业升级与转移、创新与转型发展、城市化与都市圈、区域差异与区际合作、生产性服务业与制造业协同、城镇化、产业地理、环境污染、贸易与投资等热点问题提供了全新的阐释，为宏观管理与政策提供了相应的微观基础，为推动中国经济转型升级提供了理论支撑。