苏南新型农村社区老年人居住环境满意度及其影响机制研究——基于时空行为变迁的视角

With China challenged both by rapid transition of urbanization and increasingly serious situation of aging, the elderly residents of relocation in rural area become double-weak group of age and location. The study on the planning method for new rural community is based on the perceived residential satisfaction of the elderly relocated farmers and adapted to their objective characteristics of transition of time-space behaviors. It has important significance for improving the quality of the elderly life and promoting the farmers to share the benefits of urbanization fairly, which is also the proper meaning of constructing inclusion society and new urbanization. The study chooses typical rural communities of different types and different residential patterns to carry out micro survey. It analyzes the transition of time-space behaviors characteristics of the elderly as well as the transformation of spatial factors before and after community evolution. And it makes the diachronic study about the elderly’ s overall satisfaction and itemized satisfaction of community residential environment before and after relocation and makes synchronic comparison of their satisfaction of different kinds of communities and different residential patterns. Based on the exploration of the influential mechanism of diachronic and synchronic differences of satisfaction by grounded theory and structural equation mode(SEM), we seeks new approaches to improve the living quality of the aged relocated farmers at spatial planning and policy levels. The study is a supplement of the existing research on aging from the dynamic perspective of transition of time-space behaviors and deepens subdivision types of urbanization population, which provides guidance and reference to the adaptive planning for the elderly of the new rural community.

我国正面临城镇化快速转型、老龄化日益严峻的双重挑战，我国农村地区的动迁居民呈现出年龄与地缘弱势交织的“双重”弱势特性，探讨基于老年动迁农民主观居住环境满意度、适宜其客观时空行为变迁特征的新型农村社区规划方法，对于提升老年人生活质量、促进农民公平享有城镇化利益具有十分重要的意义，这也是建设包容性社会与新型城镇化的应有之义。本课题选择不同类型、居住模式的苏南典型社区进行微观调研，解析社区变迁前后空间要素转换、老年人时空行为特征，对老年人动迁前后的社区居住环境总体满意度、分项满意度进行历时性分析，对不同社区、不同居住模式下老年人满意度进行共时性比较，运用扎根理论、结构方程模型探究满意度历时性、共时性差异的影响机制，从空间规划、空间政策层面探索提高老年动迁农民生活质量的新方法。研究从时空行为变迁的动态视角补充了现有老龄化研究的不足，深化了城镇化群体的细分类型，为新型农村社区适老性规划提供指导与借鉴

我国正面临城镇化快速转型、老龄化日益严峻的双重挑战，我国农村地区的动迁居民呈现出年龄与地缘弱势交织的“双重”弱势特性，探讨基于老年动迁农民主观居住环境满意度、适宜其客观时空行为变迁特征的新型农村社区规划方法，对于提升老年人生活质量、促进农民公平享有城镇化利益具有十分重要的意义，这也是建设包容性社会与新型城镇化的应有之义。. 本研究选择不同类型、居住模式的苏南典型社区进行微观调研，解析社区变迁前后空间要素转换、老年人时空行为特征，对老年人动迁前后的社区居住环境总体满意度、分项满意度进行影响机制研究，从空间规划、空间政策层面探索提高老年动迁农民生活质量的新方法。聚焦新型农村社区失地农民社会网络重构问题，拓展细化研究农民安置区活动空间适老性问题、影响机制与优化策略。系统拓展农民安置区与乡村社区公共服务设施适老性规划研究，提出相关改造对策。. 研究发现：（1）老年农民居住环境、社会特征、行为特征都随着居住环境变迁产生巨大分异，政策机制、社会经济、物质空间、个体要素、社会行为是影响其居住满意度的重要因素；（2）基于社会网络理论与技术方法，剖析出苏州安置区老年失地农民其日常活动变迁和社会网络重构存在依赖作用、调适作用以及制约作用，老年失地农民存在社会网络“脱嵌”和日常活动“脱域”问题。（3）于农民安置区而言，存在部分设施有效供给率较低，主体使用频率低、设施宣传不到位等问题，呈现出需求内容优质化、需求结构倾斜化和需求偏好多元化等需求特征。于乡村社区而言，建议构建三级生活圈公共服务设施体系，实现区域资源共享，适应乡村社区多元适老化趋势。. 研究成果从时空行为变迁的动态视角补充了现有老龄化研究的不足，深化了城镇化群体的细分类型，为新型农村社区适老性规划提供指导与借鉴。