风电场和水电厂协同运行控制策略研究

The acceptance of large wind power is a basic problem in the power system. Sometimes wind farms are forced to shut down or reduce power output, when power surplus happens because of the randomness of wind power. Sometimes the frequency goes down and more reserve capacity is needed with the shortage of wind power. Wind farm provides energy without firm capacity, but hydropower plants can guarantee capacity, further more there is natural seasonal complementarity between wind power and hydro power. By using of the control function of hydro power generator, the hydropower plant and wind farm could provide active power as schedule. This is called the wind farm and hydropower plant coordinating operation (WHCO). The object is to build the theory frame for WHCO, analyze key problems and present optimal control method. According to the control ability of hydropower generator and wind power prediction, and the real-time wind power, the optimal control for WHCO is realized under the condition of safe and stable operation of the power system. Therefore, the random power can be considered as scheduled power, and the difficulty of power system dispatching and operation could be reduced. It is very important to reveal the control mechanism for dealing with the stochastic power generation, and also provides a new way to solve the problem of large wind farm integration.

大规模风电的接纳是当前电力系统面临的一个基本问题。风电的随机性导致部分时间系统内功率过剩，风电场被迫关机或降低出力；而在其它时间风电输出低导致系统有功功率不足，频率降低或需要增加备用容量。风电场具有能量输出，水电厂具有容量保证，风电和水电资源又具有天然的季节互补性。利用水电机组的调节能力，使水电厂和风电场向电力系统提供的有功功率按计划输出，这种方式称之为风电场和水电厂协同运行（WHCO）。课题的目标是建立WHCO的理论框架，剖析关键技术问题，提出最优控制方法。在保证系统安全运行条件下，根据水电机组的响应能力和风速预测以及风电场实时输出功率等信息，实现WHCO的最优控制。从而，将随机电源转化成能够保证输出功率的按计划发电的电源，降低了含随机电源的电力系统调度和运行的难度。对揭示应对随机电源输出波动的控制规律具有重要意义，为解决大规模风电并网运行提供了新的思路。

按计划完成了全部研究工作，主要成果如下。.1）理论成果：（1）提出了风电水电协同运行的概念及实现方法，揭示了随机可再生能源向可调度电源的转化机理。（2）建立了风电水电协同运行控制的数学模型。（3）为了提高风电水电协同运行的有效性，提出了考虑电力网络约束的大规模风电场和水电机组协同运行的最优控制方法；根据水电机组不同类型，研究了导前微分控制、粒子群优化控制、模糊PID、模糊遗传控制、果蝇优化控制等能够提高协同运行有效性的措施，并进行了仿真验证。（4）改进了风电预测方法并用于协同运行控制。（5）为了满足风电水电协同运行对信息通讯技术的需求，提出了利用现有电力系统信息通信保护专网实现WHCO测控信息的传输与控制方法。（6）建立了风电水电协同运行优化计划模型及求解方法。.2）应用成果：开发了《风电水电协同运行优化计划》软件。.3）论文发表：已经发表论文16篇，其中在《中国电机工程学报》等国内外重要学术期刊发表论文10篇，在IEEE等国际学术会议发表论文6篇。出版专著《风电水电协同运行》一部（20万字），已经与中国电力出版社签约，2018年出版。.4）项目成果转化及应用。该成果已经在国家重点实验室研究项目中得到应用，与中国电力科学研究院电网安全与节能国家重点实验室签订了电力系统风电水电协同运行的仿真分析可视化方法研究项目，获得研究经费16万元。