基于连接度组学的青少年吸烟成瘾大脑渴求神经机制影像学研究

With the help of neuroimaging technology, our understanding of smoking addiction was improved. The structural and functional changes in the brain of smokers were found by functional MRI. However, few studies focused on the neural physiological characteristics of young smokers in the system level. Especially, the changes of craving and cognitive control performance, as the core issue of young smoker addiction, were unclear. There are 350 million smokers in China, including 14 million young smokers. It is important to investigate the neural mechanism of young smokers by neuroimaging technology. In present study, young smokers will be investigated by using the methods of connectome. For the neural mechanism of craving as the core problem, the whole brain structural and functional networks are built and combined with cognitive behavior and cue-induced craving paradigm to investigate the change of brain networks and cognitive performance in young smokers. The modulation neurophysiological mechanisms of structural and functional networks were studied correlated with behavior performance. The study may reveal the neural mechanism of young smokers in the system level and provide neuroimaging evidence.

长期以来在现代磁共振神经影像技术的帮助下，我们对吸烟成瘾神经机制的认识已经不断的深入。吸烟者大脑的一些结构和功能上的改变已经被功能磁共振技术所发现，然而从系统层面对处于吸烟行为源头的青少年吸烟成瘾的神经生理特点，特别是对于青少年吸烟成瘾的核心问题，即持续存在的渴求与其认知控制变化的研究还比较缺乏。在我国的3.5亿吸烟者中包括了1400万年轻的吸烟者，对青少年吸烟者成瘾神经机制的影像学研究尤为重要。本项目将以青少年吸烟者为研究对象，围绕渴求的神经机制这一核心问题，借助脑连接度组学，采用全脑结构和功能网络构建技术，结合认知行为表现和线索诱导渴求的范式，研究青少年吸烟者在戒断和满足状态下大脑网络特性和认知行为表现的改变，并在此基础上探讨青少年吸烟者大脑功能和结构网络相互调制的神经生理机制以及其与行为之间的关系，从而在系统层面上为揭示青少年吸烟者的神经机制提供提供影像学的先验。

持续存在的渴求与其认知控制变化作为青少年吸烟成瘾的核心问题仍然不是很清楚。因此，本项目开展了一下三方面的工作：（1）考察了青少年吸烟者前额叶-纹状体回路的形态学、静息状态功能连接以及全脑白质网络方面的异常；（2）考察了青少年吸烟者在戒断和满足状态下奖赏加工和认知控制的变化；（3）考察了成瘾渴求的关键调节脑回路，尝试了无创脑刺激对于成瘾行为的调节及其神经机制。在项目的资助下，我们开展了成瘾相关的脑影像学和脑电研究，提升了对青少年吸烟成瘾的神经机制的认识，并尝试了初步的TMS干预，取得了一定的临床效果。本项目开展期间，在NeuroImage、Human Brain Mapping及Addiction Biology等期刊发表SCI论文30篇（其中中科院1区、2区为22篇，其中ESI Top 1%高被引论文2篇），CSCD核心及北大核心论文15篇（其中CSSCI收录论文1篇），并获得内蒙古自治区自然科学奖一等奖一项（排名第二）。