低维度纳米银透明导电薄膜的制备及其光学减反射特性研究

Silver in nanometer is a special functional material that can be used for preparing transparent conductive anti-reflection film. Low dimensional nanostructure silver synthesized by microwave-assisted polyol method show high purity, high yield, strong controllability and other advantages, and anti-reflection films used by nanostructure silver become an application hotspot in the field of solar cells. In particular, transparent conductive fabricated by Ag nanowires show wide application prospect in flexible optoelectronic devices because of its high ductility. In the project, the synthesis and growth mechanism of silver nanoparticles and nanowires are studied through addition of introduced seed and microwave-assisted heating into common method. The different dimensional silver nanostructure are fabricated into transparent conductive films, then electrical and optical properties of films are measured to analysis the correlation between diameter distribution, crystal structure, defect state, density distribution and reflectivity and transmissivity of films. This study aims to elucidate the reaction mechanism and growth kinetics of Ag atomic affected by microwave and external seed. For its application in solar cells research, the influence of Ag particle morphology, crystal plane orientation and dimension on absorption property of solar spectrum is also discussed.

纳米银材料是一种可用来制备透明导电减反射膜的功能性材料。以微波辅助－多元醇热法制备的低维度银纳米材料具有纯度高、产量高、可控性强等优势，而由纳米银粒子形成的减反射膜也成为太阳能电池领域的关注热点，特别是Ag纳米线的延展性使其在柔性光电器件的应用中有广阔的应用前景。本项目采用低成本的源物料，采用外晶种和微波能量共同作用的多元醇热法，对零维纳米银颗粒和一维纳米银线的合成与生长机制进行研究。将不同维度的银纳米材料制备成透明导电薄膜，测试该薄膜的电性能和光学性能，分析纳米银粒子粒径分布、晶体结构、缺陷状态、密度分布与薄膜的反射率和透过率之间的关系。阐明微波辅助多元醇热法中Ag原子还原生长的动力学反应机理,及Ag粒子形貌、晶面取向影响太阳光谱吸收峰的内在关联，为其在太阳能电池中的应用研究奠定基础。

以微波辅助－多元醇热法制备了不同形貌的低维度银纳米材料，实现了提高纯度、产量以及可控性的目标。通过外晶种引入和微波辅助法，阐述了纳米银线的生长机理，并确定了明确的批量化工艺。采用低成本的简单工艺，分别制备了纳米银线透明导电薄膜及透明AgNws-SiO2复合薄膜，测试分析了薄膜的电学、光学特性，探究了纳米银线薄膜在透明显示器件和太阳能电池封装玻璃中的应用价值。结果表明，AgNws在与SiO2复合的薄膜中纳米银线表面等离子体共振效应对可见光透过率产生影响，将普通玻璃的透过率从90.6％提高至92.9％-94.3％。结合太阳能电池的结构，AgNws-SiO2复合薄膜用于太阳能电池盖板封装玻璃，则电池的效率由12.87提高至13.06，研究工作阐明了Ag纳米结构形貌影响可见光谱吸收峰的内在关联，为其在太阳能电池中的应用研究奠定基础。