二维活塞结构的高压海水泵设计方法与机理研究

High pressure seawater pump is the core component of seawater hydraulic system. To improve energy density, efficiency and life of seawater pump has important scientific significance for promoting the development of water hydraulic technology..In order to adapting the urgent demand to the seawater pump which have high energy, high efficiency and long life, a new generation structure of combined two-dimensional piston seawater pump is put forward. We will study on the structure design for two kinds of two-dimensional piston seawater pumps that have water lubrication structure or oil-water separation structure, while a product specification with a large number of applications is aimed as the design objective. Solid-liquid coupling function would be modeled according to the dynamic pressure water lubrication structure of the two-dimensional piston, numerical study would be carried out on the characteristic parameters of water film stiffness, temperature variation, viscous friction and leakage. The Oscillation-rotation model of the two-dimensional piston rotor would be made for studying the nonlinear effect of water film force and other system parameters changes on the stability of the rotor. Self-distribution process of the two-dimensional piston would be numerical analyzed for characteristics of pressure shock and cavitation boundary conditions. Experimental studies on the properties of two-dimensional piston seawater pumps would be done, while the support properties of permanent magnetic bearings and the sealing characteristics of the oil-water separation structure will be tested. An experimental seawater pump would be designed for testing the water lubrication properties and the self-distribution structure, and the process of self-distribution process and complete water lubrication condition will be analyzed. Finally, the design theory and technical system of two-dimensional piston seawater pump will be established.

高压海水泵是海水液压系统的核心元件，提高海水泵的能量密度、效率和寿命对于推动水液压技术的发展具有重要的科学意义。.为满足对高能高效长寿命海水泵的迫切需求，提出了新一代的组合式二维活塞海水泵结构。以一种应用广泛的海水泵规格作为设计指标，进行水润滑和油水分离两类二维活塞海水泵的结构设计研究；建立二维活塞水润滑的流固耦合模型，分析水膜的刚度、温升、粘性摩擦阻力和泄漏流量等特征参数；建立二维活塞转子模型，研究非线性水膜力以及系统其它参数变化对转子稳定性的影响；建立二维活塞的自配流过程的流场模型，分析不同配流结构时的压力冲击及内部空化的边界条件；试验研究二维活塞海水泵的性能，验证结构设计方案，尤其是的油水分离密封和永磁轴承等新结构的海水泵的特性；设计用于水润滑及配流结构研究的实验泵，实验研究二维活塞完全水润滑建立的条件及配流过程；最后建立二维活塞海水泵的设计理论与技术体系。

为适应新时代对于高能、高效、长寿命水液压泵的要求，本项目提出了一种二维活塞水液压泵结构。经典结构的轴向柱塞泵中，必然存在缸体/配流盘、球铰、柱塞/缸体孔、滑靴/斜盘等滑动摩擦副。其中，斜盘/滑靴和缸体/配流盘摩擦副承受很大的不平衡静液压力，摩擦副相对运动时，形成了摩擦副的pv值（压应力与线速度的乘积）的“天花板效应”，限制了工作压力或是工作转速的提高。另外，泵轴承在倾覆力矩的作用下易发生磨损，进而造成配流盘的偏磨，对制造和装配的要求更高，制造成本高。本课题避免了传统水液压泵结构中摩擦副所带来的一系列难题，提出了基于二维活塞的水液压泵新结构，其特点包括：可实现二维配流的泵体、泵套和泵芯结构；端面空间凸轮/滚轮副驱动机构；空间凸轮的自调心机构；泵轴到泵芯间的拨杆/拨盘及直线轴承传动机构，与传统的柱塞泵结构比较，它具有先进的动力学特性，对于材料的摩擦特性要求低。.本项目的研究的主要内容包括：新结构泵的设计与研究，针对泵配流口的流量脉动及所产生的流体噪声，提出了两种配流结构，并作理论研究。进行了二维活塞水液压泵的配流特性与泵芯动力学与振动特性的仿真研究。.重要结果包括：提出了油水分离结构的三种二维活塞水液压泵的新结构，并研制出三种结构的水液压泵；授权发明专利5项；在《中国航空学报》英文版发表高质量论文一篇。