中国古代典型匣具材质特征及其对陶瓷工艺技术的影响

Sagger is the most important kind of kiln furniture in ancient porcelain industry of our country. It is prefabricated with refractory material and is the main container for carrying and installing sintered parts in the process of ceramic firing.The appearance and development of sagger have great significance for the improvement of “quality” and “quantity” of ancient ceramics in China, especially for the emergence of white porcelain in China, as well as the invention of colored glazed porcelain and painted porcelain, etc. Is one of the key ceramic technology inventions in ancient China. However, for a long time, little attention has been paid to the materials of ancient sagger, especially from the perspectives of material science and silicate physical chemistry.In view of this, the subject will adopt multi-disciplinary research methods, such as ceramic technology, materials science, archaeology, etc., with the aid of modern scientific and technological analysis methods and process simulation experiments, the evolution law and material characteristics of typical sagger in China will be studied. The relationship between the composition, technology and properties, and its influence on ceramic technology, reveal the unique reasons and scientific principle of porcelain sagger for “Mi’se celadon”.The research is helpful to reveal the connotation of ancient ceramic firing technology and to understand the history of porcelain technology development in China. It is of great significance to reproduce and restore the excellent porcelain making techniques in ancient China and to promote national and cultural self-confidence.

匣具是我国古代瓷业窑具中最重要的品种，多以耐火材料预制，为陶瓷烧造过程中承载和装烧坯件的主要容器。匣具的出现和发展，对我国古代陶瓷“质”与“量”的提升均具有重要意义，尤其是促进了我国白瓷的出现，及随后的颜色釉和彩绘瓷等的发明，是我国古代关键陶瓷技术发明之一。然而，长期以来，对古代匣具的关注和研究较少，尤其是从材料科学和硅酸盐物理化学等角度探讨其对装烧陶瓷制品性能的影响则更不多见。鉴于此，课题将采用陶瓷工艺学、材料学、考古学等多学科交叉的研究方法，借助现代科技分析手段和工艺模拟实验，剖析我国古代典型匣具的材质特征和演变规律，研究匣具组成、工艺与性能之间的关系，及其对陶瓷工艺技术的影响，揭示“秘色瓷”采用瓷质匣具装烧的独特原因及其科学道理。课题研究对于深入揭示我国古代陶瓷烧造技术内涵和全面理解我国瓷业技术发展史，再现和复原我国古代优秀制瓷技艺，提升民族自信和文化自信均具有重要意义。

匣具的出现和发展，对我国古代陶瓷“质”与“量”的提升均具有重要意义，尤其是促进了我国白瓷的出现，及随后的颜色釉和彩绘瓷等的发明，是我国古代关键陶瓷技术发明之一。然而，长期以来，对古代匣具的关注和研究较少，尤其是从材料科学和硅酸盐物理化学等角度探讨其对装烧陶瓷制品性能的影响则更不多见。课题研究结合考古学、材料学和陶瓷工 艺学和文献资料等，采用能量色散X荧光光谱分析仪、扫描电子显微镜、X光电子能谱仪、高温热膨胀仪等科技分析手段对浙江慈溪越窑唐五代、江西景德镇唐宋时期、河北邢窑唐宋时期、河北磁州窑金元时期等地考古发掘的匣钵、垫烧具、陶瓷标本及相关原料近600件样品的化学组成、显微结构、瓷釉中铁的价态、耐火度、吸水率、气孔率、导热系数等进行了系统测试，并采用柴窑、气窑进行了工艺模拟实验验证研究，研究梳理了我国古代典型匣具的材质特征和演变规律，对比分析了南北方匣具之间、普通匣钵和瓷质匣钵之间，在组成、性能和工艺等方面的差异；首次对我国古代匣具组成、工艺与性能之间的关系进行了较为系统全面的探讨；重点从材料学和工艺学的角度研究揭示了“秘色瓷”采用瓷质匣具装烧的独特原因及其科学道理。课题研究对于深入揭示我国古代陶瓷烧造技术内涵和全面理解我国瓷业技术发展史，再现和复原我国古代优秀制瓷技艺，指导现代耐火材料的发展以及陶瓷非遗的传承保护等具有重要意义。