煤与瓦斯突出的动力系统和能量机制研究

Dynamic environment and energy condition in the mining area are necessary to coal and gas outburst occurrence and coal mining is only inducing factors. The target of project is research on dynamic system and energy release and transformation of coal and gas outburst in deep coal mining. Based on the theory of geological dynamics and the method of geodynamic division, the geological structure and its evolution are analyzed in the coal and gas outburst mine, then the characteristics of the modern tectonic movements and stress field characteristics are determined, and evaluation theory and methods of dynamic environment are established. Stress-strain characteristics of high pressure gas coal body on loading, the critical pressure, the characters of stress-drop and energy-release while drilling hole burst are determined by the gas sealing system and drilling hole burst test system, and the dynamics model are established, then the energy mechanism are put forward. On the basis, the internal relations between coal and gas outburst and dyncmic environment, system energy, mining activity are determined, also the control effect of dynamic system energy characteristics to coal and gas outburst are elucidated. The results are provided theoretical foundation and scientific basis for revealing the geological dynamics mechanism and energy variation characteristics to the occurrence of coal and gas outburst, and preventing coal and gas outburst.

煤与瓦斯突出的发生应具备相应的动力环境和能量条件，煤矿工程活动是诱发因素。项目针对煤矿深部开采的煤与瓦斯突出问题，研究其动力系统及能量释放和转移。应用地质动力学理论和地质动力区划方法，分析煤与瓦斯突出矿井的地质构造形式及其演化过程，确定现代构造运动特征和应力场特征，建立动力环境评价理论和方法；应用钻孔喷孔试验系统、瓦斯气体密封系统分析高压瓦斯煤体在外载作用下的应力应变特征、钻孔喷孔时临界压力、应力降及能量释放，建立含瓦斯煤突出的动力学模型，提出突出发生所满足的能量条件；在此基础上确定动力环境、系统能量、开采活动与煤与瓦斯突出的内在联系，阐明动力系统能量特征对煤与瓦斯突出的控制作用；研究成果将为揭示煤和瓦斯突出发生的动力学机理与能量变化特征、预防煤和瓦斯突出灾害提供理论基础和科学依据。

项目针对深部煤矿煤与瓦斯突出的动力环境、应力转移和能量释放的时空效应问题，采用理论分析、实验室测试、现场观测、数值计算等方法，分析了煤与瓦斯突出发生的三个总体条件(初始失稳条件、破坏的连续进行条件和能量条件)和发展的两个阶段(粉化破坏和分层破坏)；分析了煤与瓦斯突出矿井的地质构造形式及其演化过程，确定了现代构造运动特征和应力场特征，建立了动力环境评价理论和方法，提出了煤与瓦斯突出矿井的地质动力环境评估指标；确定了煤炭开采过程中煤岩体动力系统能量场的时空演化规律以及动力灾变的能量触发条件，建立了煤与瓦斯突出的动力系统，提出了系统失稳能量判别准则，据此提出通过消减瓦斯内能、煤岩弹性能，提高塑性破坏区耗能能力，实现煤与瓦斯突出等动力灾害防治的科学思想。在此基础上确定了动力环境、系统能量、开采活动与煤与瓦斯突出的内在联系，阐明了动力系统能量特征对煤与瓦斯突出的控制作用。本项目的研究成果将会丰富和深化煤和瓦斯突出机理及发生条件，为预测预报煤和瓦斯突出灾害提供科学依据，为有效控制煤矿瓦斯动力灾害、提高安全生产效益提供基础。