城市居住区建成环境对可吸入颗粒物污染扩散的影响及调控策略研究- - 以深圳为例

The hazy weather caused by inhalable particulate pollution becomes a widespread concern. Much more attention has been paid to the formation mechanism of inhalable particulate and its prevention technology. Few studies have been conducted on the diffusion dynamical mechanisms of pollutant, especially for the process and mechanism of built environment on inhalable particulate pollution. Therefore, more efficient prevention strategies for inhalable particulate pollution need to be developed. A case study of Shenzhen, the effect of the residential area environment on the enrichment of inhalable particulate was investigated in terms of quantificational index, landscape spatial pattern and three-dimensional morphology based on multi-crossed discipline application of scientific and technology. The goal of the proposed study is to clarify the interactions between the urban planning and inhalable particulate, to develop the strategy that promote the diffusion dilution of respirable particulate matter, and to reduce the risk of contamination of residential air. The results from this research will provide some innovative approaches to the atmospheric pollution prevention for urban management bureau.

可吸入颗粒物污染引发的城市雾霾天气正引起社会各界广泛关注。当前针对大气可吸入颗粒物污染的研究多侧重其产生机理及污染源管控技术，而缺少对污染形成后的扩散动力学机制研究，尤其是城市建成环境对可吸入颗粒物扩散稀释的作用和影响机理。因此，亟需多学科介入来深入研究上述问题并从不同角度提出应对城市可吸入颗粒物污染的策略。本项目以深圳市为例，针对人类活动较为密集的城市居住区，基于空气污染物的扩散稀释视角，采用多学科交叉与渗透、多技术手段融合，从城市居住区量化表征指标、景观格局、三维空间形态三方面，研究建成环境对可吸入颗粒物污染扩散稀释的影响，揭示城市规划建设与可吸入颗粒物污染间的相关规律，探索促进可吸入颗粒物扩散稀释、降低居住区空气污染风险的调控策略，以期为城市管理部门治理大气环境污染提供一些新的思路、理论依据和技术方法。

城市空间形态与下垫面环境对可吸入颗粒物扩散的影响机理，是城市规划建设环节应对空气污染的重要理论基础。本项目选取城市居住区为研究对象，从优化空气污染物扩散途径的视角出发，利用GIS-RS-CFD等空间技术与数值模拟方法，分别在整体量化指标、景观格局、空间形态三个层面，研究居住区建成环境对可细颗粒物污染扩散的影响，探索居住区应对可吸入颗粒物污染的规划设计策略。项目执行期间取得了以下研究成果：利用MODIS 气溶胶光学厚度（AOD）产品构建了适用于深圳市地面可吸入颗粒物浓度大尺度监测的遥感估算模型；揭示了城市土地利用/覆被类型变化对大气可吸入颗粒物浓度空间分布的影响；阐明了城市居住区控制性规划指标与可吸入颗粒物浓度的关联性；揭示了城市居住区不同绿地结构类型对可吸入颗粒物的阻滞吸附作用；初步总结一套深圳市既有居住小区的建筑布局模式语言以及街道峡谷空间形态与绿化种植模式；建立了一套基于可吸入颗粒物扩散途径优化的城市居住区空间规划应对技术体系。上述研究成果可为城市空间形态应对大气环境污染提供一定的科学决策依据。