“多尺度-多时段”视角下建成环境对街道活力的影响机制及设计策略研究——以厦门为例

In the inventory development phase which is based on urban renewal, improving the street vitality becomes an important part of the urban construction. The traditional methods are difficult to accurately analyze the temporal and spatial characteristics of the street vitality and the influence mechanisms of the built environment on the street vitality in multi-scales and multi-periods. Starting from the behavior patterns of “human” and the space perception of the street users, the temporal and spatial characteristics of the street vitality are clarified from the perspective of “multi scale-multi period”, and the design of the built environment closely related to the street vitality is examined. First of all, taking Xiamen as the case in this study and combining the mobile positioning big data with the field survey data, the street vitalities of the street systems in three typical neighborhoods, including historical block, Lilong block and new urban block, as well as four typical streets, including scenery alley, commercial street, landscape street, and general street, are measured in each time period. Afterwards, the spatial statistical analysis methods are used to clarify the influence mechanisms of the built environments in various neighborhoods and streets on vitality in different time periods. Finally, based on the results, the block planning orientation, the street classification element guidance and the collaborative implementation recommendations are proposed for the purpose of improving the street vitality. This project can reveal the definition of the street vitality and its temporal and spatial characteristics, clarify the influence mechanisms of the built environment on the street vitality, and provide the theoretical basis and the practical guidance for the street renewal and design.

在以城市更新为主的存量开发阶段，提升街道活力成为城市建设的重要内容。传统方法难以对街道活力时空特征以及建成环境对街道活力的影响机制进行多尺度和多时段的精确分析。本项目从“人”的行为规律和使用者的空间感受出发，明晰“多尺度-多时段”视角下街道活力的时空规律，并审视与街道活力密切相关的建成环境设计。首先，以厦门为例，将移动定位大数据与实地调查数据相结合，对历史街区、里弄街区、新城街区3种典型街区内的街道系统以及风貌街巷、商业街道、景观街道、一般街道4种典型街道在各时段的街道活力进行测度；其次，使用空间统计分析方法研究不同时段内各类街区和街道建成环境对活力的影响机制；最后，基于分析结论，提出以提升街道活力为目标的街区规划设计导向、街道分类要素导引和协同实施建议。本项目可揭示街道活力的内涵定义和时空特征，明晰建成环境对街道活力的影响机制，从而为街道更新设计提供理论依据和实践指导。

在过去几十年中，快速城镇化和以机动车为核心的交通建设，使得城市交通量和道路宽度迅速增加，街道空间不断被挤占，街道人本尺度及舒适性缺失，拥有深厚底蕴的传统街道景观、街区肌理与街巷生活遭到破坏。城市居民失去了最重要的户外活动场所，街道活力也随之衰落甚至丧失。在当前“以人为本”的新型城镇化时期，优化街道环境、提升街道活力成为城市发展的重要内容。.本项目以厦门为例，基于移动定位大数据与实地调查数据，展开如下几个方面的研究：1）综合利用移动定位大数据和实地调查数据，提取街道活动的密度、类型和时空分布特征，归纳不同尺度上街道活力的时空规律；2）梳理不同类型街区和街道中影响街道活力的建成环境要素，量化分析各要素的影响机制，综合构建不同尺度上的街道活力影响系统；3）基于影响机制的分析结论，结合实地观测、问卷调查和经验总结，提出街道评价、更新和设计策略。.研究成果包括：1）构建基于移动定位大数据的街道活力测度体系，发现工作日与休息日不同时段、老城区和新城区、以及不同功能类型的街道表现出显著的时空异质性特征；2）发现建成环境对街道活力的影响机制，总结密度、多样性、交通便利性、设计、可达性等建成环境条件与街道活力的内在关联，明晰其直接、间接影响、时间依赖性、空间溢出效应、特征变量重要性、非线性关系以及交互效应等作用机制；3）构建以人群活动需求为导向的街道空间品质评价体系，在此基础上，提出街道规划设计策略，为相关部门的管理、调查和设计工作提供借鉴。.本项目的研究成果可以弥补实地调查数据难以反映多尺度下街道活力时空规律的缺憾，深化街道活力的相关认知，完善其内涵定义和测度方法，揭示其时空特征；利用科学的定量分析手段，明晰“多尺度-多时段”视角下建成环境对街道活力的影响机制；为街道的更新和设计提供明确的引导思路和实施方案，又为后续街道设计导则编制提供科学支撑。