塔里木河绿洲适宜配比及水量调控

Oasis suitable ratio is very important to guarantee regional ecological security and sustainable development in an arid inland river basin. In previous research, some core issues such as how to apply oasis matching patterns and ecological water requirements in practice have been found, but still not been resolved up to now. Therefore, based on borrowing ideas from domestic and foreign relevant theories and methods, this project investigates the gradient changes of oasis landscape patches and landscape spatial patterns in both directions (i.e., different river sections and different distances away from riverway). By using the data of remote sensing images and monitoring quadrats, we analyze the temporal and spatial distribution features of ecological water requirement of natural vegetation. Meanwhile, with the aid of field and laboratory experiments, riverway permeability coefficient is measured, thus the lateral seepage and minimum ecological flow of Tarim River are also calculated. According to the principle of water balance, suitable area of arable land is defined under the different water frequencies, and put forward the suitable oasis ratio. From the viewpoint of sustainable development, we formulate out the optimal allocation plan of water quantity meeting ecological water requirement of natural vegetation, and build a water scheduling model under the oasis suitable ratio. The objects of this study are (1) to give the technical support for achieving and ensuring the reasonable configuration of ecological water, (2)to provide the theoretical basis for returning farmland to forests and the containment of the growing deforestation and reclamation phenomenon.

绿洲适宜配比对保障干旱区内陆河流域的生态安全和可持续发展具有重要意义。本项目针对之前研究中发现的绿洲配比模式及生态需水量如何在实践中应用等核心问题，借鉴国内外相关理论和方法，研究（从不同河段、不同离河宽幅两个方向）绿洲景观斑块和景观空间格局的变化特征；利用遥感影像和植被样方监测资料，分析天然植被生态需水的时空特点；通过开展野外和室内实验测定河道渗透系数，确定河道侧渗水量，计算塔里木河最小生态流量；在不同来水频率下根据水量平衡原理界定耕地的合理面积，提出绿洲的适宜配比；从可持续发展的角度，制定满足天然植被生态需水条件下的水量优化配置方案，构建绿洲适宜配比下的水量调度模型，力争为水利部门合理配置和保证生态水给予技术支撑，并为遏制塔里木河日益严重的毁林开荒现象和实施退地还林提供理论依据。

本研究选取塔里木河流域作为典型区，针对绿洲配比模式及生态需水量如何在实践中应用等核心问题，借鉴国内外相关理论和方法，研究（从不同河段、不同离河宽幅两个方向）绿洲景观斑块和景观空间格局的变化特征；利用遥感影像和植被样方监测资料，分析天然植被生态需水的时空特点;. 通过开展野外和室内实验测定河道渗透系数，确定河道侧渗水量，计算塔里木河最小生态流量；在不同来水频率下根据水量平衡原理界定耕地的合理面积，提出绿洲的适宜配比；从可持续发展的角度，制定满足天然植被生态需水条件下的水量优化配置方案，构建绿洲适宜配比下的水量调度模型。. 本研究为水利部门合理配置和保证生态水给予技术支撑，同时为遏制塔里木河日益严重的毁林开荒现象和实施退地还林提供理论依据。总体上，本研究已较好地完成了项目的考核指标。