生食蔬果中农药残留的生物可给性与健康风险评估

As one kind of important food-borne organic pollutant, pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables create human health risk through dietary intake which is a most important exposure pathway. Bioaccessibility is an important parameter in dietary exposure estimate for human health risk. The influence of bioaccessibility of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables on dietary exposure estimate has already become a scientific problem which needs solving urgently in human health risk assessment of pesticide residues in food. This project is to research the bioaccessibility of pesticide residues in raw fruits and vegetables and the affecting factors using an in vitro test by simulating the human gastro-intestinal tract, develop a prediction model of bioaccessibility of pesticide resiudes in raw fruits and vegetables, and use the model to quantitatively analyze the health risk of pesticide residues in raw fruits and vegetables collected from selected markets in Hefei, Anhui province, based on the data of pesticide residues in selected samples of raw fruits and vegetables. The results are of great theoretical and practical value for the scientific assessment of the safety of edible fruits and vegetables, improvement of the methods and theories of health risk assessment of pesticide residues in agricultural products.

蔬菜水果中的农药残留作为一类食源性有机污染物，膳食摄入是其危害人体健康的最为重要的暴露途径。生物可给性是评估污染物膳食暴露对人体健康风险的重要因子。生食蔬果中农药残留生物可给性对其膳食暴露的作用规律是当前农药残留健康风险分析亟待解决的科学问题。本项目以生食蔬菜和水果为研究对象，运用基于农药残留分析的模拟人体胃肠体外实验方法，研究不同种类生食蔬果中农药残留的生物可给性及其影响因素，建立生食蔬果中农药残留生物可给性的预测模型 ，并结合常见生食蔬果中农药残留的监测数据，定量分析不同种类生食蔬果中农药残留的健康风险。研究结果对于科学评价蔬菜和水果中农药残留的食用安全性、丰富农产品中农药残留风险评估的理论和方法具有重要的指导意义与应用价值。

项目应用基于农药残留分析的模拟人体胃肠体外实验方法，研究苹果、番茄、黄瓜、胡萝卜等不同种类生食蔬果中农药残留的生物可给性及其影响因素，并以合肥市常见蔬果为例，运用生物可给性评估了蔬果中农药残留的膳食暴露风险。其主要成果包括：建立了一套基于农药残留分析的体外胃肠模拟方法，该方法结果重现性好、实验成本低、分析时间短、适合大批量样品的快速测定，并易于复杂实验的简单化设计；基于体外胃肠模拟SHIME法，明确pH和固液比是影响体外胃肠模拟方法的关键因素，建议研究生食蔬果中新烟碱类杀虫剂生物可给性的体外模拟方法参数为：1/100固液比，2 h和4 h的胃肠消化时间和pH 2.5和6.5的胃肠液酸碱环境；明确了膳食纤维、植物油等膳食成分的强化可显著降低农药残留生物可给性，结果为制定居民膳食指南与食品安全策略提供理论基础；率先应用Caco-2单层细胞模型研究了农药残留在人体内的吸收转运规律，结果为深入探讨生食蔬果中农药残留在人体中的吸收代谢机制奠定了基础；运用体外模拟方法从生物可给性方面评估获得的农药的健康风险数据明显低于基于以膳食摄入农药的总量为依据的膳食暴露方法，结果为准确评价不同种类生食蔬果中农药残留的食用安全性提供科学依据。