不同类型注意对视觉工作记忆表征的影响

Visual working memory (VWM) is a limited capacity system, which temporarily maintains, stores information, and supports human thought processes by providing an interface between perception, long-term memory and action. The capacity of VWM is severely limited. Only a small amount of visual information can be encoded and retained in VWM. Attention is of considerable importance for selecting relevant visual information and ignoring irrelevant ones in VWM. Attention not only facilitates encoding into VWM, but also affects information already stored in VWM. In recent years, how attention affects VWM representation in VWM has been of great interest to researchers in cognitive psychology. Studies that presented stimulus simultaneously have demonstrated that feature-based attention and space-based attention dynamically regulate the distribution of resources within working memory so that the most relevant items are encoded with the greatest precision. However, studies that presented stimulus sequentially have shown that executive attention maintains the relevant items in the focus of attention so that the representations are readily accessible but vulnerable to interference. The mechanisms of which different attention affects VWM representation are unclear. .The present project uses behavioral experiments, the event related potentials (ERP) technique and the functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) technique to explore the effects of different attention on VWM representation during encoding and maintenance stages. We aim to reveal the mechanisms underlying the effects of feature-based attention, object-based attention and space-based attention on VWM representation. . The present project includes four studies. The first study explores the effects of different attention on relevant and irrelevant items during encoding stage in VWM. The second study explores the effects of different attention on relevant and irrelevant items during maintenance stage in VWM. The third study explores the temporal dynamics of different attention on relevant and irrelevant items during encoding and maintenance stages in VWM. The fourth study explores how field dependent-independent cognitive styles modulate the effect of different attention on VWM representation. . Through those studies, we hope to further reveal the processing mechanism of VWM and the role of attention in VWM representation, which contribute to construct a more complete model of attention and VWM. The findings of this project can help to guide students to suppress the irrelevant information and improve their learning efficiency.

视觉工作记忆（VWM）是对视觉信息进行短时存储和加工的容量有限的系统，在对视觉信息进行VWM表征过程中注意起至关重要的作用。近些年，关于注意如何影响VWM表征一直是学者关注的热点，但不同类型注意对VWM表征的作用机制仍存在争议。本项目拟采用行为实验、事件相关电位和近红外脑成像技术，从VWM加工的不同阶段分别探讨不同类型注意对VWM表征的作用，并结合不同认知方式个体注意影响VWM表征中存在的个体差异证据，以期进一步揭示基于特征的注意、基于客体的注意和基于空间的注意在VWM的编码阶段和保持阶段的作用机制以及不同阶段的注意动态作用机制，建立更为完善的注意和VWM的关系模型，理论上有助于更深入揭示视觉信息在VWM中的表征机制以及注意在VWM表征中的作用，实践上有助于指导学生排除干扰、提高学习效率。

近些年，大量研究关注了注意如何影响VWM表征，但不同类型注意对VWM表征的作用机制尚不清楚。本项目采用行为实验、事件相关电位和近红外脑成像技术，主要从VWM加工的不同阶段、不同认知方式个体注意影响VWM表征的个体差异，以及注意对VWM表征作用的影响因素等方面，探讨不同类型注意对VWM表征的作用机制。研究发现，注意能够调节不同项目VWM表征的资源分配，使得注意指向项目获得更多资源，强化并保护其表征不易受干扰，但以非注意指向项目的表征损害为代价。研究还发现注意对VWM表征的作用受到认知方式的调节，并从个体差异等角度开展有关实践。通过研究，有助于更深入揭示注意影响VWM表征的机制，建立注意与VWM的关系模型，并从实践上为提升教育教学质量和开展心理健康干预等提供指导和借鉴。