高效有机-无机杂化光伏材料与器件的基础研究

In the past several years, polymer and polymer/perovskite hybrid solar cells have attracted considerable attentions. Compares with inorganic semiconductors, organic photovoltaic materials possess several unique advantages such as low-cost, low-toxicity, and can be made into flexible devices that fulfill different types of photovoltaic applications. In recent years, great progresses have been achieved in this field with power conversion efficiencies over 10%. Recently perovskite-based organic/inorganic hybrid semiconductors also emerge as another very promising photovoltaic material. The best solar cells based on vacuum deposited perovskite material had already reached 15% while the performance of solution-processed devices remained low. Therefore, it is strongly desired to develop solution processing methods to fabricate pervoskite films and integrated them with organic semiconductors to produce cost effective and high performance hybrid solar cells. Nevertheless, the technology of organic and organic/inorganic hybrid solar cells is not sufficiently mature for commercialization. As the development of organic and perovskite photovoltaic materials is the key for the realization of highly efficient solar cells, in this proposal we will design and develop new donor and acceptor materials and study the relationships between their chemical structures, processibility, optical properties, charge transport properties, morphology and photovoltaic characteristics. In addition, the new organic semiconductors will be applied with the pervoskite films to produce highly efficient heterojunction hybrid solar cells. Through the integrated strategy combining new materials, device engineering, process optimization and interface engineering, hybrid solar cells with extremely high efficiencies are anticipated. These achievements will consequently lead to independent intellectual property rights and greatly contribute to the development of renewable power sources for our country.

近年来，有机/聚合物及可溶液加工的有机-无机杂化光伏电池作为一种新型太阳电池技术在国际上引起了广泛关注。和纯无机半导体材料相比，有机/聚合物光伏材料和有机-无机杂化材料价格低廉，毒性小，便于制成柔性器件, 可以提供不同形式的能源供给模式。可溶液加工的有机-无机杂化光伏电池在近年也得到到广泛关注，尤其是钙钛矿结构的有机-无机杂化材料，其具备迁移率高，吸收好等优点。在本项目的研究中，我们拟进行新材料的设计与合成，发展一系列新型的光伏给体材料和受体材料以及具有钙钛矿结构的有机-无机杂化材料，研究化学结构对材料的加工性能、光学性能、电荷传输性能、光伏性能等方面的影响，探索光伏活性层纳米薄膜聚集态结构的调控方法。在新材料的基础上，通过器件制作、器件界面工程的全面优化，在高效率有机/聚合物及可溶液加工的有机-无机杂化太阳电池领域有重大突破。

近年来，有机/聚合物及可溶液加工的有机-无机杂化光伏电池作为一种新型太阳电池技术在国际上引起了广泛关注。与纯无机半导体材料相比，有机/聚合物光伏材料及有机-无机杂化材料价格低廉，毒性小，便于制成柔性器件，可以提供不同形式的能源供给模式。然而，尽管目前有机/聚合物及可溶液加工的有机-无机杂化太阳电池的能量转换效率在不断攀升，但是离商业化的要求还有较大的距离。因此，在本项目的研究中，我们首先设计合成了一系列有机太阳电池的新型给体、非富勒烯受体及可溶液加工的界面材料，并通过优化器件加工工艺，实现了单节有机太阳电池能量转换效率11%以上，其中，可厚膜加工的界面材料和绿色溶剂加工工艺为未来大面积印刷工业化生产提供了理论依据和技术支持；同时，我们通过构建新型叠层结构，提高器件对光的利用率，并结合光学模拟手段，显著提高有机太阳电池效率至12%以上；其次，我们还通过调节钙钛矿前驱体溶液中不同成分的比例或加入少量添加剂对钙钛矿薄膜的微观形貌进行调控，并设计一系列空穴及电子传输层或修饰层材料，实现能量转换效率18%以上，制备了高效、稳定并适合印刷制备的钙钛矿太阳电池。综上所述，这些理论研究成果的取得为有机/聚合物及可溶液加工的有机-无机杂化光伏电池的商业化奠定了基础。