利用从江香猪资源发掘调控早期断奶仔猪肠道碳水化合物代谢的关键微生物及其作用机制研究

Microbes-mediated intestinal carbohydrates metabolism is vital for improving intestinal health and feed efficiency in early weaned piglets. Our previous study revealed that crossbred piglets (Landrace×Yorkshire) have poor abilities of microbes-mediated intestinal carbohydrates digestion and metabolism than that in Congjiang miniature piglets. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from the Congjiang miniature piglets into crossbred piglets (Landrace×Yorkshire) recipients significantly enhanced the ability of microbes-mediated intestinal carbohydrates digestion and metabolism. The aim of this project is to further systematically screen the key microbes mediated intestinal carbohydrates metabolism in early weaned piglets from the Congjiang miniature pigs resources via germ-free pigs model, FMT, and microbial multiple omics analyses, and to validate the key microbes-mediated intestinal carbohydrates metabolism in vitro and in vivo. Then we further systematically screen key enzymes associated with microbes-mediated intestinal carbohydrates metabolism via microbial whole genome sequencing, transcriptome sequencing, and comparative proteomics, and elucidate the mechanism of the key microbes-mediated intestinal carbohydrates metabolism through gene knockout and biochemical assays. These results may provide the valuable data for improving intestinal health and feed efficiency in early weaned piglets by the manipulation of gut microbiota.

微生物介导的肠道碳水化合物代谢对早期断奶仔猪的肠道健康及饲料高效利用至关重要，本课题组前期结果表明长×大二元杂交猪肠道内微生物介导的碳水化合物消化代谢能力显著弱于从江香猪，然将从江香猪仔猪的粪便微生物移植到长×大二元杂交猪肠道内可显著增强肠道微生物介导的碳水化合物代谢的能力。本项目拟进一步利用中国地方猪从江香猪资源，基于无菌猪、粪便微生物移植、微生物多组学等方法，全面发掘调控早期断奶仔猪肠道内碳水化合物代谢的关键差异微生物，结合体外和体内试验，验证其调控早期断奶仔猪肠道碳水化合物代谢的功能；进而运用微生物全基因组测序、转录组测序和蛋白质组学方法全面筛选出关键差异微生物的碳水化合物代谢相关酶，综合运用基因敲除和生物化学等方法阐明关键差异肠道微生物调控碳水化合物代谢的机制。研究结果旨为肠道菌群干预改善早期断奶仔猪肠道健康和提高仔猪对日粮中碳水化合物利用效率提供理论依据与新资料。

微生物介导的肠道碳水化合物代谢对早期断奶仔猪肠道健康至关重要。从江香猪是一种我国贵州省特有的地方猪种，它具有肉嫩味美、抗病力强、耐粗饲等特点。本项目利用从江香猪资源，基于粪便微生物移植、微生物多组学和无菌小鼠等方法，全面发掘出早期断奶仔猪腹泻抗性相关肠道微生物（Lactobacillus gasseri LA39 和Lactobacillus frumenti）并阐明其与宿主互作机制，进一步明晰了腹泻抗性菌调节仔猪肠道屏障功能、能量代谢、抗氧化功能的作用机制。利用贵州从江香猪资源发掘出纤维分解菌Bacteroides fragilis可显著增强肠道屏障功能并阐明其作用机制。同时阐明了猪肠道核心优势真菌Kazachstania slooffiae可增强肠道上皮细胞琥珀酰化修饰介导的糖酵解代谢机制。上述研究结果可为肠道菌群干预改善早期断奶应激诱导的腹泻、肠道屏障损伤、肠道氧化应激损伤和肠道能量供应不足提供理论依据与重要新资料，旨为实施肠道菌群干预措施改善早期断奶仔猪肠道健康和提高仔猪对日粮中碳水化合物的利用效率提供理论依据与重要新资料。以第一标注在《Cell Host & Microbe》等专业期刊发表论文6篇，授权国家发明专利1项并转化，获大北农科技奖创新奖1项。