干旱半干旱闭坑矿山开采后效应及其对植被恢复力的影响研究

The persistent influence of underground coal mining on the ecosystem after ecological restoration and revegetation is known as post-mining effect, which is a critical constraint faced by the revegetation of arid/semi-arid mines, a prominent mark of distinction between the greening of coal-mining area and that of other barren hills, and a starting point for the development of unique techniques for the ecological revegetation. With field measurement and data collection, "3S" technology, digital simulation, theoretical modeling and comparative analysis, etc., this proposal will combine mining subsidence theory and restoration ecology principles to explore the evolution mechanism of post-mining effects of closed coal mines and its influence on the resilience of revegetation, to examine the relationship among post-mining effects, soil and water stresses, and vegetation resilience, to quantitatively measure the resilience of revegetation under the disturbance of post-mining effects, and to develop a comprehensive regulation and control strategy of revegetation from the multiple perspectives of space, time, and so on. The proposal could reveal the resilience mechanism of coal mining vegetation from the perspective of post-mining effects, which will enrich the ecological restoration theory of coal mining vegetation. By focusing on the soil water, the achievements of the proposal could uncover the interrelationships between post-mining effects and vegetation resilience, which will provide the theoretical basis for avoiding the risk of revegetation. By viewing post-mining effects as an ecological disturbance, it also acts as a starting point for studying the effectiveness of coal mining revegetation, which will extend the research agenda of coal mining revegetation.

煤炭地下开采产生的生态影响在综合治理和植被重建后仍然持续的现象被称为开采后效应，它是干旱半干旱矿山植被重建必须考虑的重要问题，也是区别其他荒山绿化的关键因素，以及开发矿山植被重建特有关键技术的出发点。本项目结合矿山开采沉陷理论和恢复生态学原理，通过实地测量与调查、“3S”技术、数值模拟、数学建模和比较分析等，探明地下开采后效应及其变化机制、开采后效应对植被恢复力的影响及其机理，建立开采后效应—水土胁迫—植被恢复力的关系模型和后开采效应扰动下重建植被恢复力的综合测度模型，并从空间、时间、时序和方式等多角度提出植被恢复力的综合调控策略。项目从开采后效应入手揭示其对矿山植被恢复力的作用机理，可丰富矿山植被重建理论；揭示开采后效应和植被恢复力的内在关系，可为规避植被重建风险提供科学依据；将开采后效应视为一种生态扰动，作为矿山植被重建有效性判定的逻辑起点，可拓宽矿山植被重建研究的思路。

煤炭地下开采产生的生态影响在综合治理和植被重建后仍然持续的现象被称为开采后效应，它是干旱半干旱矿山植被重建必须考虑的重要问题，也是区别其他荒山绿化的关键因素，以及开发矿山植被重建特有关键技术的出发点。本项目主要针对干旱半干旱矿山开采后效应及其变化机制、开采后效应对重建植被恢复力的影响机理、矿山重建植被恢复力测度模型与调控策略开展了深入研究。创新点包括：（1）构建了闭坑矿山开采后效应理论框架；（2）揭示了开采后效应对植被恢复力影响的作用机理，并构建了开采后效应影响的理论模型；（3）开发了重建植被恢复力测度模型、开采后效应对植被影响评估模型以及植被自然恢复模拟系统；（4）提出了闭坑矿山重建植被策略与建议。研究成果破解了闭坑矿山重建植被退化和受损的现实难题、拓展了地下开采对植被影响的固有认识、完善了矿区生态修复和植被重建的理论基础。