半干旱矿山植被活动及恢复力特征与机制研究

A large number of post-mining vegetation patches have been created in the semi-arid transition zone. The spatio-temporal characteristics and mechanisms of vegetation activity and resilience of these patches are keystones for understanding the persistence of vegetation state, restoring and managing the degraded vegetation. This research project will employ remote sensing approach, historical analysis of disturbance and restoration, and field survey to extract spatial-temporal data of vegetation and environmental factors. Main research focuses include: 1) The characteristics of post-mining vegetation activity across time series and spatial hydrothermal gradient, including the temporal variation and spatial difference; 2) The influencing factors and mechanisms of post-mining vegetation activity in semi-arid area, including key factors, influencing coefficient and feedbacks among factors; 3) The characteristics of the state operating space and resilience of post-mining vegetation in semi-arid area, including convex hull feature of state space, operating process and state transitions. This project is expected to reveal the persistence mechanism of post-mining vegetation state in semi-arid area based on spatial-temporal data, and develops state-space model to characterize the resilience. The achievements could provide reference for improving the understanding of vegetation activities and its changing pattern at a regional scale, as well as enrich the research objects and application cases of resilience theory.

半干旱过渡带形成了大量的矿山植被斑块，这些斑块的植被活动和恢复力的时空特征和机制是认识植被状态维持能力、退化植被恢复与管护的基础科学问题。本项目利用遥感方法、扰动与恢复历史分析、野外调查来提取植被及环境因子的时空数据。重点研究：1）时间序列和空间水热梯度下的矿山植被活动特征，包括时序变化、空间差异等特征；2）半干旱矿山植被活动的影响因素及作用机制，包括关键因素、路径系数、反馈关系等；3）半干旱矿山植被状态运行空间及恢复力特征，包括状态集合的凸包特征、运行过程、状态跃迁等。本项目利用时空数据来揭示半干旱矿山植被的状态维持机制，开发状态空间模型来刻画植被活动的恢复力特征。研究结果可为完善对区域植被活动及其变化规律的认识提供参考，同时丰富恢复力理论的研究对象和应用案例。

本项目着眼于半干旱矿山植被活动及恢复力问题，通过研究，圆满地完成了各项研究任务，达成了预定目标。主要的创新工作包括：1）利用遥感和地面调查数据揭示了矿山植被指数、生产力、结构、生物量、覆盖度等活动特征。2）揭示了植被配置、土壤理化性质、土壤微生物对植被活动的影响，阐明了半干旱矿山植被活动受生态修复初始模式及演替过程、气候变化影响和水土条件约束三大因素的驱动机制。3）利用微分方程、状态空间模型和自回归模型揭示了恢复力特征，揭示了恢复力的物质性、量性和可塑性三大基本性质。.本项目取得的成果包括：1）提出了矿山土地生态系统恢复力理论；2）开发了矿区植被活动损伤和恢复诊断技术；3）基于恢复力理论开发了引导型生态修复技术。技术成果在神木县生态修复规划中得到了应用。还成功将恢复力评价方法应用到全国尺度生态功能单元的社会-生态恢复力中。.在该项目资助下，公开发表SCI英文论文3篇，中文期刊论文7篇，另有3篇SCI论文正在审稿中；协助培养博士后1名、博士生2名、硕士生5名；授权发明专利2项、软件著作权2项；获省部级科技进步奖2项；2项政策建议受到了自然资源部和生态环境部领导的批示；支持学生荣获全国大学生土地整治与生态修复工程创新设计大赛一等奖等奖励4项。