微管式固体氧化物燃料电池堆结构优化方法与3D打印制备研究

Due to the inhomogeneity of flow field, temperature field and concentration field caused by the stack structure, resulting in low battery performance and poor stability in long-term operation, the numerical simulation method is used to investigate the relationship of the stack structure and the flow field, temperature field, concentration field and cell performance. The function and regulation mechanism of the flow field are explored. The interaction between the flow field, temperature field, and concentration field is explored to reveal the coupling mechanism of multiple fields. On the basis of optimization, the stereolithography (DLP) 3D printing technology is adopted to fabricate the anode-supported microtubular cell stack substrate in one step. The substrate microtubules are sequentially impregnated with the electrolyte layer and the cathode, and the microtubule fuel cell stack without assembling single cell. The influencing factors for the stack substrate fabrication by 3D printing technology are systematically investigated, revealing the solidification molding mechanism. The performance of the stack is tested and verified, the simulation method and stack structure is optimized, and the structure-activity relationship mathematical model of the structure-transmission-cell performance is finally established. The research results will provide theoretical basis for the structural design and optimization, rapid production, efficient and stable long-term operation of SOFC stack. It will also promote the development of large-scale cell stacks and the upgrading of energy storage technologies, and promote the green development of energy systems.

针对电堆结构导致的流场、温度场和浓度场不均匀，进而引起电池性能低、长期运行稳定性差问题，本课题采用数值模拟方法考察电堆结构与流场、温度场和浓度场及电池性能的变化规律，揭示流场功能调控机制；探究流场、温度场和浓度场相互协同作用，揭示多物理场耦合机理；采用光固化成型（DLP）3D打印技术，一步打印制备阳极支撑微管式SOFC电堆基体，再在阳极基体微管内依次浸渍电解质层和阴极，不需组装单电池直接获得与优化电堆结构一致的微管式SOFC电堆；系统考察光固化成型3D打印技术制备SOFC电堆的影响因素，揭示其固化成型机制；最终完成多物理场、电堆性能的测试与验证，建立结构与传递性能、电性能之间构效关系数学模型。研究结果将为SOFC电堆的结构设计与优化、快速生产、连续高效稳定长期运行提供理论基础；也将促进大型电池堆的开发和储能技术的提升，并推动能源体系的绿色发展。

针对固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFCs）组装成电池堆过程中存在的电池堆性能低、制备工艺复杂、长期运行稳定性差等问题，采用电池堆结构设计优化和3D打印一体化制备相结合的策略，构建了结构设计与优化-一体化制备-性能提升-构效关系的正向驱动与闭环反馈模式。通过考察电池堆结构对流场、温度场和浓度场及电池性能的影响规律，探究了多物理场耦合模型和多场作用协同机制，指导结构设计与优化；为实现优化的电池堆结构的一体化制备，减小组装带来的诸多问题，基于3D打印易于制备任意复杂形状和结构器件的优点，开发了3D打印制备一体化SOFC电池堆的工艺和技术，明确了材料性质、制备工艺与成型性能、烧结性能之间的关系，揭示了材料、结构、形貌与性能之间的规律，掌握了过程工程对电池堆微观结构与性能的影响规律，阐明了电池堆构效关系。结果表明，SOFC电解质表面结构设计可有效降低面积比电阻，提高电池输出性能，随着有效反应面积增加，最短离子传输路径缩短，阻抗降低，电流密度和功率密度增大；量化结果显示离子传输路径的减少对性能提高的贡献更大，有效反应面积的增加对性能提高的作用次之，表面结构总周长作用最小。管状电池堆中，随着进出口管径的增大，流体分配室厚度的增加，流体分布均匀性提高，电池输出性能提高；电堆管径的减小，增加了管外间距，提高了电堆管外空气流动均匀性，增加了管内氢气流速，提高了电池输出功率密度；错列排布方式下，阴极进出口位置在中间位置的性能优于边界进出口。自制光敏树脂制备的陶瓷光固化浆料实现了高固含量、低粘度和快速固化，性能明显优于商业树脂；真空脱脂和空气高温烧结相结合的方式，能大幅度降低3D打印陶瓷坯体开裂和分层的概率；3D打印制备的立体通道的电池堆性能优异，明显高于蜂窝状电池堆输出性能。研究结果为SOFC电堆的结构设计与优化、快速生产、连续高效稳定长期运行提供理论基础；也促进大型电池堆的开发和储能技术的提升，并推动能源体系的绿色发展。