水/醇溶性共聚物原位合成纳米晶组装用于高效稳定的有机/无机杂化太阳能电池

Environmental-friendly process, spin-coating preparation, high efficiency and stability are the direction of organic/inorganic hybrid solar cells. In our research, a series of new type environmental-friendly water-soluble polymers with various band gaps were designed and synthesized. Then the inorganic nanocrystals were in-situ synthesized in polymer templates, simultaneously resulting in the in-situ forming of oil-soluble polymer and optimizing the distribution and assembly of inorganic nanocrystals. This water-oil soluble conversion process of hybrid system can realize the layer by layer spin-coating of device fabrication. The heterojunction organic/inorganic hybrid solar cells realize not only in situ synthesis of oil-soluble polymers, also accompanied by in-situ formation of inorganic nanocrystals in polymers matrix. The organic/inorganic interface of hybrid active layer can also be optimized through controlling morphology of polymer precursors. Meanwhile, the introduction of water/alcohol soluble copolymers could realize the device fabrication with environmental-friendly process. The water-soluble and oil-soluble transformation process of active layer can realize the layer by layer preparation of hybrid solar cell. An environmental-friendly, high efficiency and stable hybrid solar cells can be achieved by optimizing the device structure and designing a series of different bandgap polymers and inorganic nanocrystals to maximizie the absorption of solar energy.

实现环境友好型的器件制备过程、可旋涂、高效稳定性是目前有机/无机杂化太阳能电池的主要问题。本项目设计合成出一系列不同带隙的新型环境友好型水/醇溶性共聚物，将其作为聚合物模板原位合成油溶性共聚物的同时原位合成并调控优化无机纳米晶的分布，这个水油溶性的转换过程可实现器件的层层可旋涂的制备等。这种有机/无机体相异质结杂化太阳能电池实现了原位合成油溶性的共聚物同时还在共聚物基体上原位合成无机纳米晶，通过对共聚物前驱体形貌的调控可优化整个原位生成的有机/无机杂化活性层的界面相互作用；同时水/醇溶性共聚物的使用可实现环境友好型的器件制备过程；活性层加热前后水油溶性转变过程可实现该杂化太阳能电池器件的层层可旋涂性制备，通过设计合成一系列不同带隙的共聚物和无机纳米晶实现最大限度地吸收太阳能,结合器件结构的优化和无机纳米晶材料的选择，最终可获得环境友好的、高效稳定的有机/无机杂化光伏电池。

本研究团队成功合成了一系列的水/醇溶性的共轭聚电解质，并实现了它们在有机光伏器件的环境友好型的应用；针对材料构效演化关系开展了深入的研究，通过不同侧链、抗衡离子、主链结构等精细控制实现有机太阳能器件性能的优化，建立了相应的水/醇溶性共轭聚电解质化学结构-光电器件性能关系模型。在此基础成功构筑了多种二维结构的无机纳米晶及其光电功能器件，并通过表面复合、尺寸效应、异质结构等精细控制实现光电功能材料和器件性能提升。