基于石墨烯杂化材料-核酸适配体的新型电化学生物传感器的设计与研究

This project intends to synthesize series of graphene nanohybrid materials. Try to design new methods and explore new strategies to prepare biomolecular functionalized graphene nanohybrids and graphene-high quality metal (or semiconductor nanoparticle) hybrid materials. Use the new nanomaterial as probe vectors or as enhanced substrates to modify the electrode by taking the advantage of particular electrochemical property of different kinds of material and their synergistic effect. Combine the high affinity and specificity of aptamer and further construct novel graphene nanohybrids-aptamer-based electrochemical biosensing platform for the rapid,selective,sensitive and accurate determination of specific DNA fragments and mutation in the DNA chain. Explore new analytical techniques for the determination of protein, small molecule ions and diseased cells by the use of graphene hybrid materials as the enhanced or labeled materials. The main object of this project is to overcome the shortcomes of the traditional sensors, such as low sensitivity, poor specificity, difficult to modify and regeneration etc.and establish new sensitive detection methods for biomolecular recognition, DNA sequence analysis, disease diagnosis and environmental chemistry. Provide novel research ideas and methods to study some of the chemical nature of life processes from the molecular level.The present project has important scientific significance and potential applications.

该项目拟设计合成系列石墨烯纳米杂化材料，提出新颖的制备生物分子功能化石墨烯纳米杂化材料的方法，探索构建石墨烯-高质量的多金属（或半导体纳米粒子）杂化材料的新策略，充分利用每一类材料本身独特的电化学属性及它们的协同作用引起电化学性能的增强，将其作为探针载体或增强基底修饰材料，结合适配体的高亲和力和强特异性，构筑新型的石墨烯-适配体电化学生物传感器，实现对特定DNA片段的选择性测定和对DNA链中的碱基突变进行快速、灵敏和准确的检测。探索利用石墨烯杂化材料作为增强材料或标记材料，采用新的分析检测技术实现对蛋白质、小分子和病变细胞的高灵敏检测。从而解决传统生物传感器分析速度较慢、灵敏度较低、特异性较差、难以修饰和再生等缺点，为生命物质的分子识别、核酸序列分析及疾病的诊断和治疗等研究提供一些新的灵敏检测技术，为从分子水平上认识和研究生命过程的一些化学本质提供新的研究方法，该研究具有一定的开拓性意义。

用湿的化学法、超分子组装法、超生辅助法、共价键合法和电化学沉积法等策略设计合成了系列石墨烯纳米杂化材料，充分利用每一类材料本身独特的电化学属性以及它们的协同作用引起电化学性能的增强，将其作为探针载体或增强基底修饰材料，结合适配体的高亲和力和强特异性，采用吸附法、共价键合法和自组装法等将适配体固定到石墨烯纳米杂化材料修饰电极上，够建灵敏的电化学传感器，实现对DNA、蛋白质（如凝血酶、溶菌酶、胰岛素、肌红蛋白、癌胚抗原等）、生物小分子（如三磷酸腺苷、葡萄糖等）、黄酮类药物和芳香族环境污染物、有机磷农药等的高灵敏检测。方法经济，简单，无需标记，避免了复杂又昂贵的标记途径。从而解决传统传感器分析速度较慢、灵敏度较低、特异性较差、难以修饰和再生等缺点，为生命物质的分子识别、核酸序列分析、疾病的诊断和治疗、环境检测等方面的研究提供新的灵敏检测技术，该研究拓宽了石墨烯的应用范围和领域，具有广阔的应用前景。