用于防治核能放射性污染的锕系金属有机骨架材料的设计与合成

The efficient development of nuclear energy depending greatly on the safely prevention and control of radioactive pollutants. Therefore, it is of great academic significance and application prospects to develop easily and conveniently prevention and control technologies using for reduce the damage of radioactive pollutants to human beings. Based on our recent work on actinide metal-organic frameworks（MOFs）, conjugated organic polycarboxylates ligands are selected to construct actinide MOFs with uranium and thorium. Organic polycarboxylates ligands are screened through the comparison of the radiation resistance, water stability and the stability of different pH of the constructed actinide MOFs. Moreover, a series of actinide MOFs with different structures will be constructed by systematically changing reaction conditions, reaction methods, ligand species and so on to utilize the target ligand. The diversified coordination mode and unique architecture will be studied in this project to provide scientific foundation for discussing the coordination properties of transuranium elements, which may provide experimental basis and theoretical direction for the removal of radionuclides from radioactive pollutants of MOFs material. The main advantage in our project is the wider choice of a wider range of selectable organic ligands. And based on the difference in coordination mode of actinide elements, we can selectively remove various radionuclides from radioactive pollutants through the rational screen of MOFs material.

放射性污染物的安全防治是核能高效发展过程中的关键因素。发展简单易行的放射性污染物防治方法以降低其对人类健康的危害具有重要的学术意义和应用前景。基于锕系金属有机骨架（MOFs）前期工作基础，本项目采用引入共轭多羧酸有机配体与铀、钍自组装构筑锕系MOFs的方法，通过比较锕系MOFs的辐照、水以及酸碱稳定性从而筛选出合适的多羧酸有机配体；利用筛选出的配体通过系统改变反应条件、反应方法、配体种类等手段合成出不同MOFs结构，并研究条件改变对构筑锕系MOFs结构的影响。本项目通过研究铀、钍配合物多样化的配位模式以及独特的结构为探讨超铀元素的配位化学性质奠定基础，为将MOFs材料用于放射性污染物中放射性核素去除提供实验基础和理论指导。该方法优势在于有机配体的可选择范围大，根据各种元素配位模式的差异，有望通过选择合适的MOFs材料选择性去除放射性污染物中多种放射性核素。

放射性污染物的高效治理是核能高效发展过程中的关键因素。开发新型的放射性污染物防治方法以降低其对人类健康的危害具有重要的学术意义和应用前景。1）将MOFs材料作为放射性污染物快速治理的新材料，通过有机配体与放射性金属离子自组装构筑锕系MOFs材料实现放射性离子的去除，合成条件温和、固定能力强、辐照损伤小。2）选择具有较大共轭基团的有机配体由于可沉积电离辐射能量，从而避免自由基产生而导致配体分解，降低辐照损伤。3）成功实现了两种不同放射性核素在MOFs材料内的共去除。已发表SCI学术论文5篇，包括高被引论文2篇，Angew 1篇、.ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 2篇、Environ. Sci. Technol.1篇、Cryst. Growth Des.1篇。为进一步合成超铀MOFs材料以及高放废物处置提供研究基础。