单眼剥夺大鼠视功能柱“漂移”与针刺干预的机制研究

The mainly damaged area leaded by amblyopia,which is one of the common diseases seriously affecting the visual function of children, is located as the visual cortex.To effectively intervene the structural and functional reorganization of visual cortexafter visual deprivation is significant to the prevention and the clinical treatment of amblyopia. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRs) is based on the principle of neurovascular coupling, and provides an effective technology platform for visual plasticity research. Combined with previous work basis, and from the perspective of visual key functional area response and its abnormal activation state screening, this project focused on the hypothesis that “Monocular visual deprivation in the sensitive period leads to the visual cortical development disorder, meanwhile visual function column 'drift' and recombination are the key mechanisms of amblyopia”. In this project, fNIRs technology was used to detect the changes of oxy-Hb、deoxy-Hb and total-Hb of visual cortex of rats after monocular deprivation to assess the visual key areas of brain function and processing. Optical brain mapping (the time sequence map, hemodynamic profiles) and spatial 3D simulation diagram were built to reveal the spatial distribution and patterns of visual abnormal activation of brain regions, and to clearly show that the visual function column "drift" and recombination is the key mechanisms for the occurrence of amblyopia. Meantime, effects of acupuncture on spatial distribution and functional remodeling of apical cortex activation area in monocular deprivation were discussed and the brain functional mechanism of acupuncture intervention in amblyopia was explained from the perspective of the visual function column "drift" and recombination to provide the evidence for the study of acupuncture’s effects on amblyopia and its clinical practice.

弱视主要受损部位在视皮质，是影响儿童视觉发育的主要疾病之一。视觉剥夺后视皮层结构和功能重组的有效干预是弱视防治研究的重点。功能近红外光谱技术（fNIRs）基于神经血管耦合，为视觉可塑性研究提供了有效技术平台。结合前期工作基础，本项目围绕“敏感期内单眼视觉剥夺后视皮层发育障碍，视功能柱‘漂移’和重组是弱视发病关键机制”假说，从视觉关键功能区响应及其异常激活状态筛选入手，利用fNIRs检测单眼剥夺大鼠视皮层oxy-Hb、deoxy-Hb和total-Hb的变化，评估视觉关键区脑功能状态与加工过程，构建光学脑地形图（时间序列图谱、血流动力学图谱）和空间三维模拟图，揭示视觉异常激活脑区空间分布和模式，明确视功能柱“漂移”和重组是弱视发生的关键机制；并探讨针刺对单眼剥夺后视皮层激活区空间分布和功能重构的影响，从视功能柱“漂移”和重组角度阐明针灸干预弱视的脑功能机制，为弱视针灸效应和应用研究提供依据。

弱视主要受损部位在视皮质，是影响儿童视觉发育的主要疾病之一。视觉剥夺后视皮层结构和功能重组的有效干预是弱视防治研究的重点。功能近红外光谱技术（fNIRs）基于神经血管耦合，为视觉可塑性研究提供了有效技术平台。.本项目围绕“敏感期内单眼视觉剥夺后视皮层发育障碍，视功能柱‘漂移’和重组是弱视发病关键机制”假说，从视觉关键功能区响应及其异常激活状态筛选入手，利用fNIRs检测单眼剥夺大鼠视皮层oxy-Hb、deoxy-Hb和total-Hb的变化，评估视觉关键区脑功能状态与加工过程，构建光学脑地形图（时间序列图谱、血流动力学图谱）和空间三维模拟图，揭示视觉异常激活脑区空间分布和模式，明确视功能柱“漂移”和重组是弱视发生的关键机制；并探讨针刺对单眼剥夺后视皮层激活区空间分布和功能重构的影响，从视功能柱“漂移”和重组角度阐明针灸干预弱视的脑功能机制，为弱视针灸效应和应用研究提供依据。.重要结果：.①视觉发育敏感期内，单眼剥夺大鼠（剥夺眼）P-VEP异常改变，视觉神经元活动与传导功能减弱和抑制，针刺能有效改善剥夺眼视觉传导功能的抑制和损害。.②右眼视觉剥夺后，左侧视皮质血氧代谢和神经元功能活动减弱，对视觉输入信息（颜色、方位、运动、运动频率等）的加工和感受功能出现抑制和损害；右侧视皮质神经元功能相对增强，出现视觉向开放眼（左眼）转移的“眼优势”现象。.③右眼视觉剥夺后，右侧视皮质眼优势柱、特征功能柱（颜色柱、方位柱）及空间频率功能柱功能明显增强，相对出现“视皮层功能柱从左侧向右侧‘漂移’的现象”，实为视功能柱发生功能和结构的可塑性重组改变，另外还可能部分激活或形成了视听跨感觉通道重组的改变。.④视觉发育敏感期内，“调气通经明目”针法能有效改善和修复视觉剥夺后视觉加工和感受功能损害，抑制“眼优势”现象；并能够有效调节和恢复视觉剥夺导致的双侧视皮层功能柱发育不平衡，对视功能柱可塑性“漂移”改变有明显的干预和调节作用，而且早期治疗是取得疗效的关键。