新疆维吾尔族高台民居的原型、演变及其现代适应性模式研究

Gao-tai Dwellings in uygur autonomous region of Xinjiang originated from Islam architecture which accommodated to city development under the limited space over different historical period. Recently, with the establishment of economic development region in Kashgar by the government, Gao-tai Dwellings suffered from characteristic extinction, ecological environment deterioration, convectional culture style destruction and inhabitant migration. This program starts from the architectural form of Gao-tai Dwellings and construction experiences shown in street pattern, with harmonious development as the objective, adopts various methods originated from philosophy, history, anthropology, hermeneutic, topography, to analyze their culture core, historical reasons, to explore their architecture space prototypes and historical development, to summarize the construction experiences of Islam dwellings under the specific natural condition, to reveal the resident intelligence of Islam architecture, to discuss the adaptability mode of Islam dwellings, to establish theory of modern adaptability mode of Islam architecture, and to discover indigenous design idea of Islam architecture. These studies could enrich theory of the dwellings and modern region architecture designs, lay a foundation for establishing the green dwellings system in National minority area, have the important significance for achieving stable and harmonious development between traditional dwellings and modern city construction and have the demonstration effect on the other National minority areas.

新疆维吾尔族高台民居是伊斯兰建筑在有限用地内适应不同历史时期城市发展的结果，近年来，随着中央设立喀什经济开发区，高台民居面临整体特色被埋没、生态环境日益恶化，原有传统文化风貌被破坏、原住民外迁等危机。本课题从高台民居的建筑形式和街巷格局所表达出的营造经验入手，以"和谐发展"为目标，综合运用哲学、历史学、人类学、解释学、测绘学等方法，剖析其文化内涵、历史成因，探究其建筑空间原型及历史演变过程，总结在特殊自然条件下，伊斯兰民居的营造经验，揭示伊斯兰建筑的人居智慧，探讨伊斯兰民居的适应性模式，建构伊斯兰建筑的现代适应性建设模式理论，探索伊斯兰乡土建筑的本土设计思路。本课题的研究能够丰富民居研究和我国当代地域建筑创作的理论内容，为我国营建边疆少数民族地区的绿色新民居体系奠定基础，对实现传统民居与现代城市建设的稳定与和谐发展具有重要的现实意义，也对其他少数民族地区具有示范性作用。

近年来随着城市的发展，新疆维吾尔族高台民居面临着社会与自然环境恶化、整体风貌破碎、地域与民族特色弱化、历史文脉断裂以及原住民外迁等严重问题，犹如孤岛一般独立于喀什老城的东南端。本课题从喀什古城的历史与演变发展出发，结合现状环境，探究了高台民居的始建时期与历史成因，逐一调研并测绘整理了其上的454户民居，提出高台民居具有以天井庭院为中心的细胞式衍生繁殖的生成特点，揭示高台民居的房屋营造细胞原型和基本空间组织逻辑，同时提出了高台民居的团状内聚低层高密度集中式的营造规律及自然、居住、宗教三位一体空间聚落形态。与此同时，提炼了喀什地区的风貌更新策略，既丰富了我国少数民族民居建筑与聚落的研究成果，又为传统城市聚落保护与活化理论奠定了基础，对于实现多民族聚居区现代城市的稳定发展与和谐建设具有重要的现实意义及示范性作用。