可重复室温加工的核壳聚合物的合成及其导电复合材料研究

The manufacturing of traditional polymers always involves high temperature for long time and the multiple processing causes the degradation, crosslinking, ageing, or low recycling ability of polymers, which would result in certain energy consumption and environmental problems. This project intends to develop a repeatable and room-temperature processed core-shell polymer via an environmentally friendly emulsion polymerization, with poly (butyl acrylate) (PBA) as the core and polystyrene (PS) as the shell. The core-shell morphology structure will be designed to ensure the repeatable and room-temperature processibility of PBA@PS, which is valuable for its application in electrically conductive composites. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) will be utilized as the conductive filler and mixed with the PBA@PS particles via Ball Mill. The CNT coated PBA@PS complex particles will be molded under room temperature to prepare the CNT/PBA@PS composite. The dispersion and distribution of CNTs among the composites will be adjusted to form segregated structure, with the consideration of external processing fields, core-shell morphology structure of PBA@PS, and the interaction between CNT and PBA@PS region. We will also provide sight into the relationship among segregated structure and comprehensive performance of the CNT/PBA@PS composites under different processing times, which would be beneficial to reveal the internal mechanism behind the repeatability of segregated structure, electromagnetic interference shielding performance, and mechanical performance. Our work will provide theoretical guidelines and technical basis for the development and application of repeatable and room-temperature processed polymer composites in the field of high-performance EMI shielding.

传统聚合物成型加工存在高温能耗且多次成型加工后聚合物易降解、交联、老化，回收利用率低，会带来一定的能源消耗和环境问题。本项目拟利用乳液聚合方法合成以聚丙烯酸丁酯（PBA）为核、聚苯乙烯（PS）为壳的PBA@PS核壳结构聚合物，通过调控核壳结构形态使PBA@PS具备可重复室温加工性，并将这种可重复室温加工特性应用于导电复合材料。利用球磨混合将碳纳米管（CNT）包覆在PBA@PS微粒表面，通过室温模压成型外场、PBA@PS核壳结构形态、CNT-微区相互作用控制CNT在复合材料内部的分散与分布形态，以构筑隔离结构。通过对不同成型加工次数CNT/PBA@PS复合材料隔离结构形态与性能的相互关系研究，弄清复合材料隔离结构导电网络、电磁屏蔽性能和力学性能具备可重复性的内在机理，为可重复室温加工的高性能聚合物电磁屏蔽材料开发和应用提供理论基础和实验依据。

本项目将压塑性高分子的可室温加工特性以及隔离结构聚合物复合材料的高电磁屏蔽效能、高导电高导热功能相结合，通过核壳结构形态的控制实现压塑性高分子重复加工特性，通过成型外场控制复合材料功能粒子分散与分布形态，获得基于压塑性高分子的可重复室温加工隔离结构功能复合材料，为压塑性高分子的多功能应用提供了指导。通过在压塑性高分子中引入氢键，在提高压塑性高分子强度和模量的同时，保留其室温加工性和可重复加工性，获得了高强度和高模量、优异的低温加工性和重复加工性的压塑性聚合物，有利于促进压塑性聚合物的进一步应用。此外，研究功能粒子取向分布结构的聚合物复合材料，获得了取向功能网络对复合材料电磁屏蔽性能、电性能和导热性能的影响关系，促进了聚合物功能复合材料的潜在应用。