低气压环境人体综合舒适度评价模型研究

Human beings have adapted to the atmospheric environment at sea level. When people travel around by plane or plateau train, they will experience low atmospheric environment, e.g., the hyperbaric hypoxia environment. When exposed to such environment, human comfort will be affected because of adjustment in physiological function and changes of heat loss between human body and environment. The feeling of comfort is influenced by a combination of natural factors. Atmospheric pressure and its change should be considered when exposed to hypobaric environment. The concept of synthesized comfort is proposed to evaluate the special environment, which combines thermal parameters, air pressure, noise, illumination, factors of physiology and psychology. The synthesized comfort factor will be extracted through theory analysis and experiments. In order to get the structure function of synthesized comfort factor, the affecting factors and their correlation will be analyzed by mathematical methods of multivariate analysis, factor analysis and cluster analysis. Based on these works, the synthesized comfort evaluation model applied to hypobaric environment will be established. The model can be used in developing comfort standards, and providing references in the designing of environment of aviation cockpit and plateau train. The whole work will be of great significance in improving inside environment of plane and train, increasing passenger satisfaction and developing relevant standards.

人类已经适应了一个大气压左右的生活环境，但在乘坐飞机、高原列车时还会身处于低气压环境中。此时，人体散热特性改变，生理功能发生适应性变化，从而影响人体舒适。舒适感受到多种自然因素的综合作用，低气压环境舒适度研究尚应考虑压力及压力变化对舒适感的影响。本课题提出综合舒适度概念，针对低气压条件下特殊的的热环境、压力环境、声环境、光环境，综合人体的生理和心理因素，系统分析低气压环境中综合舒适度的影响因素及其相关性，采用解耦技术，提炼综合舒适度因子，通过理论分析与实验结合的方式，应用多元分析、因子分析、聚类分析等数学手段求解出人体综合舒适度因子的结构函数，最终建立低压环境人体综合舒适度评价模型，为科学建立低气压环境人体综合舒适度标准，以及飞机座舱、高原列车等舒适的室内环境设计参数提供依据。对改善机舱、高原列车等客室内环境、提高乘客满意度、以及完善我国的舒适度标准都具有积极而重要意义。

人类已经适应了一个大气压左右的生活环境，但在乘坐飞机、高原列车时还会身处于低气压环境中。此时，人体散热特性改变，生理功能发生适应性变化，从而影响人体舒适。舒适感受到多种自然因素的综合作用，低气压环境舒适度研究尚应考虑压力及压力变化对舒适感的影响。本课题提出综合舒适度概念，针对低气压条件下特殊的热环境、压力环境、声环境、光环境，综合人体的生理和心理因素，系统分析低气压环境中综合舒适度的影响因素及其相关性，通过理论分析与实验结合的方式，提炼综合舒适度因子。应用多元分析中的效用函数法建立舒适度因子的无量纲函数，采用层次分析法确定影响因子在综合舒适度中的权重，最终用代换合成，建立低气压人体综合舒适度的评价模型，为科学建立低气压环境人体综合舒适度标准，以及飞机座舱、高原列车等舒适的室内环境设计参数提供依据。对改善机舱、高原列车等客室内环境、提高乘客满意度、以及完善我国的舒适度标准都具有积极而重要意义。