经典与量子关联成像中多光子聚束及空间反聚束效应的研究

Recent years, higher-order correlated imaging with thermal light has inspired considerable interest due to the fact that it can produce higher-visibility images. However, the multiphoton bunching effect which describes the intrinsic intensity correlation among the light beams has not attracted enough attention.Based on our previous work(Phys.Rev. A 79, 05384), the role of N-photon bunching effect in higher-order correlated imaging systems with n (N>n>1) test arms will be deeply investigated. Some general rules,especially the relationship between the multiphoton bunching and the visibility of higher-order correlated imaging, will be emphasized. The equipments which can directly measures the contribution of the multiphoton bunching in higher-order correlated imaging will be designed and used to preform the related experiments. The above investigation is important to the understanding of the higher-order coherence in thermal light, and also helpful for studyng the reason of the higher-visibiliy. Moreover, a new coorelated imaging scheme with spatial antibunching light will be theoretically studied. Its characters and applications will be deeply investigated. The spatial antibunching light here can be produced by the entangled twins photons and has the similar spatial correlation with thermal light. Thus, this new correlated imaging scheme can have the virtues of both the thermal correlated imaging and entangled one, which can better exhibit the advantages of correlated imaging.

近年来，热光的高阶关联成像因相比低阶情况具有高可见度的优点受到广泛关注，但作为描述高阶强度本质关联性的多光子聚束效应却没有得到应有的重视。本申请拟在原有工作(Phys.Rev. A 79, 05384)基础上，深入探讨N光子聚束在任意的（含n（N>n>1）个测试光路的）N阶热光关联成像系统中的作用及一般规律，尤其对N光子聚束与可见度的关系重点研究。设计、研发可直接测量多光子聚束效应的装置，并进行相关高阶关联成像实验。该研究对于正确认识光场的高阶相干性及理解高阶关联成像的高可见度成因有重要意义。此外，提出并探讨一种新的关联成像方案，即基于空间反聚束光的关联成像。该空间反聚束光由纠缠双光子制备，且具有类似热光场的空间位置关联特性，有望兼有热光关联成像及纠缠管关联成像的优点，因此，更能体现关联成像的优势。

尽管近些年关联成像领域发表的文章中不乏对高阶关联成像的讨论，但其中鲜有对该过程中多光子聚束效应的作用的分析。另一方面，纠缠光关联成像和热光关联成像各有优点，前者对比度高，后者可以实现无透镜成像方案。将这两方面优点合二为一一直是该领域学者的目标。本项目包括两个研究内容：一、探讨了热光高阶关联成像的相关问题，重点分析了多光子聚束效应在热光场高阶关联成像中的作用。二、提出并探讨了一种新的关联成像方案，即基于空间反聚束光的关联成像。研究结论有：1.对于N阶热光关联成像，无论含有成像物体信息的光路是一个还是多个，N光子聚束效应对总成像的贡献都刚好是所有N-1光子聚束效应对总成像贡献的和。 2.对于N阶热光关联成像，无论含有成像物体信息的光路是一个还是多个，N光子聚束对成像的贡献都是N阶关联成像具有高对比度的本质原因。3.首次提出基于空间反聚束光场的关联成像方案。4.这种基于空间反聚束光场的关联成像方案兼有纠缠光的高对比度和热光可实现无透镜关联成像的双重优点。5。基于空间反聚束光场的关联成像的分辨率一定程度上依赖于所选细线的直径，在可以忽略激光通过细 线时的衍射影响的前提下，实验所选细线的直径越小，泵浦光横向强度分布越均匀，此种成像的分辨率会越高；反之，成像分辨率会降低。