蓖麻种子脱壳损伤机理及脱壳参数优化研究

Castor is wildly planted as a oil crop in the world.The damage of peanut seed shelling directly affects the seeding emergence rate after it is sowing. It is important to study the principle of castor seed shelling.The project research is supported by the physical and mechanical properties of castor by test,which applied the discrete element and finite element to study the Caster seed shelling damage. The castor collision and ruprure of shelling is studied. The force relationship of castor and shelling part is analysised and the dynamic model is established.The X-ray image is get to search for castor seed internal damage form rule. The migration and regulations of distribution of castor shelling is analysised,and the mechanism of damage is determined. The way of force is studied.The shelling process is observed to determine the best shelling principle and reveal the impact of shelling process. Man-machine fuzzy algorithm is developed to search for the relationship of shelling machine's key parts and shelling damage. On the base of above method, the virtual reality system is eatablished to analyze the force of castor and the process of the shell breaking.The intelligent optimization algorithms is applied to study the digitial design method for shelling machine. The key shelling part is studied by parameter deformation design method. At last,the prototype machine is developed to verify the reasonablness of the theory.The project can improve the ability of castor machinery in China.

蓖麻是广泛栽种的油料作物，蓖麻种子脱壳过程中出现的损伤，直接影响到蓖麻播种后的出苗率等，研究蓖麻种子脱壳损伤机理意义重大。课题通过试验得到蓖麻蒴果物理机械特性，采用离散元与有限元结合方法研究蓖麻脱壳过程中的损伤，分析蓖麻脱壳过程中的碰撞、破裂过程，以及蓖麻与脱壳部件的受力关系，并建立其动力学模型。通过X射线图像探求蓖麻种子内部损伤形式规律。分析蓖麻种子脱壳过程中物料运移及分布规律，研究蓖麻受力方式等。观察物料脱壳过程，确定最佳脱壳原理并揭示脱壳过程影响规律。开发人机交互模糊优化智能算法探求蓖麻种子脱壳设备关键部件参数与脱壳破损之间关系。在此基础上，建立蓖麻种子脱壳的虚拟现实系统，分析蓖麻种子脱壳的受力及破壳过程。采用智能优化算法探讨蓖麻脱壳设备的设计方法，对关键脱壳部件进行参数变形设计。最后，通过开发原型样机进行试验验证理论的合理性。本项目的研究有助于提高我国蓖麻机械加工的能力。

蓖麻是我国广泛种植的油料作物，其籽粒榨油后是重要的航空航天润滑油原料。本项目针对蓖麻种子脱壳过程中的损伤机理进行研究，对通辽地区广泛种植的蓖麻品种进行试验与分析，重点分析了蒴果有刺及无刺两类品种。采用有限元与离散元结合方法进行研究，基本探明了蓖麻种子脱壳过程中，物料损伤机理。通过静压试验得到了蓖麻物理机械特性，并得了了含水率、品种、加载方式对蓖麻蒴果受压损伤的结果。.采用EMED软件采用搓压式脱壳原理，研究脱壳过程中蓖麻蒴果的群体运动规律。以通蓖11号蓖麻蒴果为样本，建立离散元脱壳分析模型。以转速、脱壳间隙及填充量为因素进行仿真试验，利用响应面法分析各因素对最大压力、最大速度、内滚筒受力及脱壳率的影响；针对一组试验进行脱壳阶段划分，对各阶段物料分布、运动及受力进行分析。以离散元仿真脱壳模型为基础，设计蓖麻蒴果脱壳试验台，将仿真中物料分布及脱壳率试验结果对比；以转速、脱壳间隙及填充量为因素，脱壳率、损伤率及生产率为指标，对试验台工作参数进行研究，并将脱壳率最优组合与仿真结果进行对比。建立了蓖麻种子脱壳的虚拟现实系统，分析蓖麻种子脱壳的受力及破壳过程。并采用高速摄影技术试验分析得到了蓖麻种子脱壳过程及物料在脱壳机中的分布情况。开发了创新原理的两种蓖麻种子脱壳清选设备，采用先预处理后处理的方式进行脱壳，取得了良好效果。