For a long time, blocking tumor immune escape of tumor vaccine design has been a challenge. As tumor cells can obtain ability of immune escape from a variety of pathways,such as immune tolerance and immune suppression,vaccine target to a single molecular is difficult to block immune escape of cancer cell effectively. .Immunogenic amino acid is a type of unnatural amino acid,which can make protein breakthrough autologous immune tolerance. Our previous study had proved that the introduction of an immunogenic amino acid into the tumor-associated antigen HER2 will break immune tolerance. Moreover,immunogenic amino acid can induce the body to produce antibodies to different sites of HER2. This epitope spreading phenomenon provides a new way for design vaccine to blocking tumor immune escape by multi-channel. The project intends to study on the mechanism of epitope spreading induced by immunogenic amino acid, and design bifunctional vaccine that can induce the body to produce an anti-HER2 antibody and anti-PD-L1 antibody simultaneously. Blocking the PD-1 signaling pathway could relieve inhibition of tumor cells to immune effector cells, and could form a positive feedback to active the immune response to HER2. The successful completion of this project not only provide theoretical guidance for the use of immunogenic amino acid rational design cancer vaccines, but also provided a method to multi-channel blocking tumor immune escape.
长期以来,阻断肿瘤免疫逃逸一直是肿瘤疫苗设计中的一个挑战。由于肿瘤细胞能通过免疫耐受和免疫抑制等多种途径获得免疫逃逸能力,单一靶点的疫苗设计难以有效阻断其逃逸。免疫原性氨基酸是一类能使自体蛋白突破免疫耐受的非天然氨基酸,本课题组前期研究发现,将免疫原性氨基酸引入肿瘤相关抗原HER2中,在突破免疫耐受的同时还存在表位扩展现象,能诱导机体产生识别HER2不同位点的抗体。这种表位扩展现象为多途径阻断肿瘤免疫逃逸提供了新的思路。本项目拟对免疫原性氨基酸诱导自身抗原发生表位扩展的机制进行研究,设计筛选出能同时诱导机体产生抗HER2抗体和抗PD-L1抗体的双功能疫苗,通过阻断PD-1信号通路,解除肿瘤细胞对免疫效应细胞的抑制,形成正反馈,激活机体对HER2抗原的免疫效应,发挥抗肿瘤作用。本项目的顺利完成不仅可以为利用免疫原性氨基酸合理设计肿瘤疫苗提供理论指导,也为多途径阻断肿瘤免疫逃逸提供方法。
肿瘤疫苗一直是肿瘤免疫治疗中颇受关注的研究热点,但大部分肿瘤疫苗未能在临床取得理想的治疗效果。这主要是由于肿瘤细胞在长期进化过程中形成了对抗免疫系统的免疫逃逸机制,使治疗性疫苗无法发挥应有的作用。因此,阻断肿瘤细胞免疫逃逸途径是肿瘤疫苗设计中需要解决的一个关键问题。本课题组在前期研究中,发现免疫原性氨基酸具有打破自身免疫耐受且能诱导表位扩展的作用,基于此,提出设计能同时激活免疫系统并阻断免疫逃逸的疫苗设计策略。本项目首先对免疫原性氨基酸诱导表位扩展的机制进行了研究,通过比较不同位点引入对硝基苯丙氨酸对HER2片段免疫原性的影响,初步探讨了免疫原性氨基酸诱导表位扩展的机制,证实免疫原性氨基酸通过形成CD4+T细胞表位,诱导B淋巴细胞激活。在此基础上,我们将免疫原性氨基酸——对硝基苯丙氨酸引入泛DR表位中,筛选获得了通用硝基化T细胞表位,并证实该表位具有广泛的通用性,与不同的自身蛋白偶联均可诱导出强效免疫应答,为肿瘤疫苗的设计提供了一种通用的方法。以硝基化T表位为基础,设计了靶向HER2、PD-L1的肿瘤疫苗,证实以硝基化表位为基础设计的肿瘤疫苗具有良好的抑瘤活性,且能抑制肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞中Treg细胞的比例,有效重塑肿瘤微环境。进一步研究证实,用一个通用T细胞表位连接HER2和PD-L1,可以同时激活针对HER2和PD-L1的免疫应答,发挥协同抗肿瘤活性,为多功能肿瘤疫苗的设计提供了基础。.综上,本项目初步探讨了免疫原性氨基酸诱导表位扩展的机制,不仅获得了可同时靶向HER2和PDL1的双功能疫苗,为肿瘤免疫治疗提供了候选药物分子;以此为基础筛选获得了含有免疫原性氨基酸的通用硝基化T表位,具有广泛的通用性,为肿瘤疫苗的设计提供了通用方法。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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