中国闽浙沿海岛屿苔藓植物多样性和生物地理学研究

There are few studies on diversity and island biogeography of bryophytes on coastal islands. Many disputes exist on breeding characteristics, spreading ability of bryophytes and applicability of island biogeography theory on bryophytes. China owns a large number of coastal islands, but most of them lack information in relation to bryophyte diversity and biogeography. There are more than 4600 islands along the coast of Zhejiang and Fujian provinces, accounting for 62.5% of islands in China. Therefore, the coastal islands of Zhejiang and Fujian are suitable for us to conduct researches on biodiversity and island biogeography of bryophtes. By systematic collection and identification of the bryophytes on these islands, we will elucidate the characteristics and pattern of bryophyte flora and biodiversity on coastal islands of Zhejiang and Fujian, possibly find some special bryophyte taxa adaptable to coastal island environments, thus enriching Chinese bryophyte flora. On the basis of above work, by using methods in relation to quantitative ecology, DNA molecular markers and biostatistics, we will clarify the factors (including island area, degree of isolation, shape, and elevation et al.) influencing the bryophyte diversity, to elucidate the molecular geographical relationship among the representative bryophyte taxa in different islands and the relationship of the representative taxa on coastal islands with those in other areas. The above work will provide new evidence to resolve disputes on island biogeography of bryophyte, further to provide theoretical guidance for the conservation of the bryophytes on coastal islands, also to promote the study and development of island biogeography of plants.

沿海岛屿苔藓植物多样性和生物地理学研究比较薄弱，有关岛屿苔藓的繁育特征、传播能力及岛屿生物地理学理论在苔藓上的适用性均有争议；我国沿海岛屿众多，但是缺乏有关岛屿苔藓多样性和生物地理学的专门研究。闽浙沿海有4600多个岛屿，占我国沿海岛屿数的62.5%，是岛屿苔藓多样性和生物地理学研究的理想区域。本项目以闽浙沿海岛屿为研究区域，通过系统采样和鉴定分析，将揭示我国沿海岛屿苔藓区系与多样性特点及其分布规律，有望发现适应沿海岛屿环境的特殊苔藓类群，丰富我国苔藓植物区系。在此基础上，采取DNA标记、数量生态学和生物统计学等手段，研究并阐明影响我国沿海岛屿苔藓植物多样性的因素，明确代表性类群在岛屿之间以及与其他相关地区类群的分子地理亲缘关系，从而搞清楚苔藓植物对沿海岛屿环境适应的机理，为解决苔藓植物岛屿生物地理学争议提供新证据，也为岛屿苔藓植物保育提供理论指导，促进我国岛屿植物地理学研究和发展。

沿海岛屿苔藓植物多样性和生物地理学研究非常薄弱，我国闽浙沿海岛屿是开展苔藓多样性和生物地理学研究的理想区域。为掌握闽浙沿海岛屿苔藓区系组成和多样性特点，明确其分布规律，课题组成员先后在闽浙沿海地区的176个岛屿采集了25829份苔藓植物标本，系统地标本鉴定发现有苔藓植物491种，其中角苔3种、苔类76种，藓类植物411种,明确了该地区苔藓植物区系组成特点；提出了苔藓植物地理成分的划分方法，发现舟山群岛苔藓植物并没有典型的热带亚洲地理成分；对代表性类群开展了分子亲缘地理学研究，揭示了岛屿苔藓植物遗传多样性和分子地理亲缘关系；应用双拐点断点拟合函数发现了一种新的植物种数-面积关系模型和小岛屿效应在沿海岛屿苔藓植物中普通存在的现象；应用混合线性效应模型、典范对应分析、冗余分析等搞清楚了影响岛屿苔藓植物物种丰富度和种类组成的环境因素；发现苔藓植物在沿海岛屿存在明显的嵌套分布特点。发表标注本项目资助的学术论文20篇，其中“Journal of Bryology”，”Basic and Applied Ecology”，”Journal of Bryology”，”Nordic Journal of Botany”，”Crypogamie Bryologique”，”Journal of Biogeography”等SCI收录论文8篇，另外有2篇SCI论文在审，完成了“中国闽浙沿海岛屿苔藓植物彩色图谱”专著的编辑, 以及六篇有关闽浙沿海岛屿苔藓植物多样性和生物地理学研究的硕士论文。项目进行期间，组织了美国、捷克和波兰等同行进行了四次野外标本采集和考察，加强了与国际同行的合作关系；丰富了上海师大苔藓标本室；培养了苔藓植物分类学人才。