同性极式感应子发电机若干基础问题研究

The rotor of Homopolar Inductor Alternator (HIA) does not have any winding or permanent magnet and is only forged from high strength steel, which can run at ultra high speed. HIA has merits of high reliability, brushless excitation and high energy storage density, which has a bright prospect in areas of flywheel energy storage system, pulsed power supply and ship propulsion. However, there still exist many issues need to be investigated. Firstly, the magnetic circuit of HIA has not only parallel plane field but also axial field and needs to be analyzed by 3D electromagnetic analysis. Therefore, to develop an approximated 2D model of HIA will bring great convenience to analysis of HIA. Secondly, the two-reaction theory of salient pole synchronous machine is verified to be applicable to HIA in theory, but the analytic expressions of direct and quadrature axes synchronous reactance needs to be determined in order to apply the two reaction theory to HIA. Finally, the rotor eddy current loss is an important factor of high temperature rise. Therefore, the corresponding calculation method should be investigated which will play an important role in safe operation of HIA. The goal of this project is to further improve the theoretical system and to promote the practical process of HIA.

同性极式感应子发电机（Homopolar Inductor Alternator, HIA）转子仅由实心高强度钢锻造而成，无绕组、永磁体等其他任何附加部件，可以以极高转速运行。HIA具有高可靠性、无刷励磁、高储能密度等优点，在飞轮储能系统、脉冲功率电源、舰船电力推进等领域具有良好的应用前景。然而，HIA仍存在很多基础问题需要研究。其一，由于HIA磁路中不仅包含平行平面磁场而且还含有轴向磁场，需采用三维电磁场分析，因此研究其近似二维模型将给HIA的分析带来极大方便；其二，凸极同步电机的双反应理论从理论上已经被证明适用于HIA，为将双反应理论成功运用于HIA，还需要推导HIA的直、交轴同步电抗解析表达式；其三，HIA转子涡流损耗是引起电机温升过高的重要因素，因此研究HIA转子涡流损耗的计算方法对保障电机安全运行具有重要意义。本项目的研究旨在进一步完善HIA理论体系并推动HIA实用化进程。

感应子发电机(Homopolar Inductor Alternator, HIA)转子由实心高强度合金钢锻造而成，转子上无绕组、永磁体等其他任何附加部件，具有高储能密度、无刷励磁、结构简单可靠等优点，在移动式脉冲功率电源场合有很好的应用前景。.针对三维场计算量大、求解费时的困难，本项目提出将励磁绕组产生的励磁磁势作为边界条件来处理，得到了HIA简化二维模型。为解决在商业有限元软件中求解该简化二维模型的困难，基于静电场和恒定磁场的对偶原理，提出了用于求解HIA简化二维模型的标量电位模拟法。该简化二维模型，可用于HIA不饱和情况时的磁场分析和参数计算。为解决HIA由于气隙磁阻不均匀给电机参数的解析求解带来的困难，基于气隙比磁导函数法推导了HIA直、交轴电枢反应电抗、谐波电抗、励磁绕组漏电抗和直、交轴瞬态电抗的解析表达式，并采用有限元法计算了不同转子槽宽系数和槽宽气隙比下的气隙比磁导系数曲线簇，供HIA分析和设计时查用。.本项目研制了储能式HIA原理样机，进行了相应的电磁参数测定，实测结果与理论分析和仿真计算所得结果基本相符，验证了理论分析、参数计算和电磁设计的正确性及有效性。本项目的研究基本达到了预期目标，为储能式HIA工程样机的研制奠定了坚实基础。