基于轮胎—路面接触性态的子午线轮胎性能矛盾机理及协同提升方法研究

China’s tire industry is suffering the effect caused by tires labeling regulation today. It is an urgent task to improve Chinese tire performances to exceed the regulation requirements. However, the issue of improving tire performances faces a dilemma，called ‘devil’s triangle’, that the tire wet grip performance, rolling resistance and the wear performance conflict with each other. Research on rubber compound could not break through the problem, so the tire structure design method becomes the key factor. As we know that tire performances are realized by the contact phenomenon between tire and road. It is practicable to reveal the conflict mechanism and enhance the tire performance cooperatively through the research of tire-ground contact condition. The main study includes: 1)research on Mathematical description for the characteristic of the tire-ground contact condition，establish the contact characteristic parameter sets. 2) Find the conflictive contact characteristic parameters which can describe the conflict mechanism. Reveal the conflict mechanism in tire performances by building the relationship between the conflictive contact characteristic parameters and tire structure design. 3) Explore the approach to control the conflictive contact characteristic parameters by tire structure design and propose the methods to improve tire performances cooperatively. This research will help the tire products of China to catch up with the advanced world levels.

轮胎标签法的实施使我国轮胎产业受到重创，亟需开展协同提升轮胎性能以满足轮胎标签法要求的理论方法研究。然而提升汽车轮胎性能面临的最大难题是轮胎湿抓地、滚动阻力和磨损三个最主要的性能相互制约的矛盾关系，也称为“魔鬼三角”。该矛盾从橡胶材料研究方面无法取得有效突破，轮胎结构设计成为关键。由于轮胎的诸多性能均通过其与路面间的接触作用得以实现，项目拟通过研究轮胎-路面的接触性态，揭示轮胎性能间的矛盾机理，提出通过控制轮胎-路面接触性态实现轮胎性能协同提升的结构设计理论方法。研究包括：1）研究轮胎-路面接触性态的数学描述，建立接触性态参量集。2）提出解析反映矛盾机制的矛盾接触性态参量，建立该参量与轮胎结构设计之间的关联，揭示轮胎性能间的矛盾机理。3）探索通过轮胎结构设计控制矛盾接触性态参量的途径，提出协同提升轮胎性能的结构设计理论方法。通过本项目的研究，为我国轮胎产品性能提升到国际先进水平助力。

轮胎标签法的实施，对轮胎产品质量提出了更高要求。中国制造商生产的轮胎36%达不到欧盟第一阶段标准，50%达不到欧盟第二阶段的要求。其根本原因在于企业自主研发能力不足，缺失相应的轮胎性能评价体系及轮胎性能的协同提升方法。项目通过轮胎-路面接触性态对子午线轮胎抓地、滚阻及磨损性能开展研究。对轮胎橡胶材料、帘线材料进行了试验研究，并对轮胎橡胶的摩擦模型进行了修正，提出用衰减指数模型描述轮胎与路面之间的摩擦行为。采用轮胎稳态自由滚动工况研究轮胎滚动阻力性能、采用轮胎制动拖滑工况研究其抓地和磨损性能。提出采用几何特征参量与力学特征参量对轮胎-路面接触性态进行描述的数学方法，并开发了接触性态处理软件，实现了对接触性态参量的自动化处理。通过对胎冠结构、带束层宽度与角度、胎面花纹沟分布、轮廓设计等对轮胎进行了结构设计，建立了轮胎多性能与轮胎-路面接触特性参量之间的关联，提出了表征轮胎性能的特性参量，并选取平均接触压力、接地宽度及硬度系数作为矛盾接触性态参量。以295/80R22.5为对象，通过轮胎轮廓及花纹沟分布对轮胎结构进行了改进及试验轮胎试制，并对试验轮胎进行充气外轮廓、接地压力、刚度及模态等方面的测试，通过对接触性态参量的分析，表明轮胎的滚动阻力、抓地等性能均得到了提升。